INSTRUMEN PERTAHANAN HOME-FRONT INDONESIA: MOBILISASI PERSIT KCK SEBAGAI SUKARELAWATI ANGKATAN DARAT, 1964-1966

Muhammad Nuril Anwar, Dr. Widya Fitria Ningsih, M.A.

2026 | Skripsi | ILMU SEJARAH

Penelitian ini mengkaji mobilisasi Persit Kartika Chandra Kirana sebagai Sukarelawati Angkatan Darat dalam sistem pertahanan Home-Front Indonesia pada masa Demokrasi Terpimpin, 1964-1966. Kajian mengenai organisasi sukarelawati berunsurkan istri prajurit masih relatif terbatas atau bahkan belum dikaji secara historiografis, sementara kajian mengenai mobilisasi perempuan sebagai sukarelawati pada dekade 1960-an lebih banyak berpusat pada Gerwani dan didominasi oleh perdebatan politis serta konstruksi narasi Rezim Soeharto. Kondisi tersebut menyebabkan eksposur Persit KCK sebagai Sukarelawati Angkatan Darat, belum pernah dikaji sebagai bagian dari sistem pertahanan negara maupun sebagai instrumen pertahanan Home-Front. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah yang meliputi Pemilihan Topik, Heuristik, Kritik Sumber, Interpretasi, dan Historiografi. Sumber penelitian terdiri atas arsip, surat kabar, dokumen resmi militer, foto, peraturan perundang-undangan, serta berbagai sumber sezaman dan kajian akademik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mobilisasi Persit KCK sebagai Sukarelawati Angkatan Darat merupakan bagian dari pengembangan Sishankamrata yang telah disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan strategis Angkatan Darat selama Konfrontasi Indonesia-Malaysia. Mobilisasi tersebut juga dimaksudkan untuk memperkuat kesiapsiagaan keluarga, mendukung kebutuhan administratif dan logistik militer, serta membangun loyalitas di lingkungan Keluarga Besar Angkatan Darat. Implementasinya dilakukan melalui pendidikan semi-militer, pembinaan kedisiplinan, serta penugasan dalam bidang administrasi, logistik, kesehatan, dan kegiatan sosial sebagai unsur pendukung pertahanan Home-Front. Setelah perubahan geopolitik dan sosiopolitik pasca rangkaian peristiwa paruh akhir 1965 hingga 1966, Sukarelawati Angkatan Darat secara bertahap dibubarkan dan Persit KCK dikembalikan pada fungsi utamanya sebagai organisasi kesejahteraan keluarga prajurit.  

This research examines the mobilization of Persit Kartika Chandra Kirana as Indonesian Army’s Women Volunteers within Indonesia's Home-Front defense system during the period of Guided Democracy, 1964-1966. Studies on volunteer organizations composed of soldier wives remain relatively limited, or indeed have yet to be examined historiographically, while studies on the mobilization of women as volunteers during the 1960s have largely centered on Gerwani and have been dominated by political debates and the narrative constructions of the Soeharto Regime. This condition means that the role of Persit KCK as Indonesian Army’s Women Volunteers has never been examined as part of the state's defense system, nor as an instrument of Home-Front defense. This research employs the historical method, comprising Topic Selection, Heuristics, Source Criticism, Interpretation, and Historiography. The research sources consist of archives, newspapers, military formal documents, photographs, laws and regulations, as well as various contemporary sources and academic studies. The findings of this research indicate that the mobilization of Persit KCK as Indonesian Army’s Women Volunteers constituted part of the development of the Sishankamrata, adapted to the strategic needs of the Indonesian Army during the Indonesia-Malaysia Confrontation. This mobilization was also intended to strengthen family preparedness, support the military's administrative and logistical needs, and foster loyalty within the Indonesian Army’s Community. Its implementation was realized through semi-military training, discipline formation, and assignments in administration, logistics, health services, and social activities as supporting elements of Home-Front defense. Following the geopolitical and sociopolitical changes that unfolded in the aftermath of the events of late 1965 and throughout 1966, the Indonesian Army’s Women Volunteers were gradually dissolved, and Persit KCK was returned to its primary function as a welfare organization for soldier families. 

Kata Kunci : Home Front, Persit KCK, Sukarelawati Angkatan Darat/Home Front; Persit KCK; Indonesian Army’s Women Volunteers.