Analisis Persepsi Nelayan terhadap Kinerja Pelabuhan Perikanan Pantai Gesing dan Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Tingkat Pendapatan Nelayan

Ainayah Nur Hafifah, Yuni Andari, S.E., M.Si.

2026 | Tugas Akhir | D4 PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI KEWILAYAHAN

Sektor perikanan memiliki peran strategis dalam mendukung perekonomian wilayah pesisir, khususnya di Kabupaten Gunungkidul yang menyumbang hampir 60% produksi perikanan tangkap laut D.I Yogyakarta. Salah satu upaya yang dilakukan pemerintah daerah dalam mengoptimalkan potensi tersebut dengan pembangunan Pelabuhan Perikanan Pantai (PPP) Gesing sebagai pusat pendaratan, distribusi, dan pemasaran hasil tangkapan nelayan. Meskipun demikian, tingginya produksi belum sepenuhnya berbanding lurus dengan peningkatan kondisi sosial-ekonomi nelayan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis persepsi nelayan terhadap kinerja Pelabuhan Perikanan Pantai (PPP) Gesing dari aspek sosial-ekonomi, perencanaan fasilitas, lingkungan, dan pelayanan administrasi, serta mengetahui pengaruh variabel modal, ukuran perahu, frekuensi melaut, dan usia nelayan terhadap tingkat pendapatan nelayan. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner kepada 51 responden yang terdiri dari 43 nelayan dan 8 pengelola pelabuhan, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif dan regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persepsi nelayan terhadap kinerja pelabuhan secara keseluruhan berada pada kategori baik hingga sangat baik, dengan pelayanan administrasi mendapat penilaian tertinggi dan perencanaan fasilitas terendah. Permasalahan utama yang diidentifikasi meliputi keterbatasan kapasitas dermaga dan sedimentasi. Secara simultan, keempat variabel terbukti berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pendapatan nelayan. Secara parsial, modal, frekuensi melaut, dan usia nelayan terbukti berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tingkat pendapatan nelayan, sementara ukuran perahu tidak terbukti berpengaruh signifikan. Disarankan agar pengelola pelabuhan memprioritaskan perbaikan infrastruktur dermaga dan pemerintah daerah meningkatkan efektivitas program bantuan yang lebih adaptif terhadap kebutuhan riil nelayan guna mendukung keberlanjutan ekonomi masyarakat pesisir Kabupaten Gunungkidul.

The fisheries sector plays a strategic role in supporting the coastal economy, particularly in Gunungkidul Regency which contributes nearly 60% of marine capture fisheries production in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. One of the efforts made by the local government to optimize this potential is through the development of Gesing Coastal Fishing Port as a center for fish landing, distribution, and marketing of fishermen's catch. However, the high production has not fully translated into improved socio-economic conditions for fishermen. This study aims to analyze fishermen's perceptions of the performance of PPP Gesing in terms of socio-economic, facility planning, environmental, and administrative service aspects, as well as to examine the effect of capital assistance, vessel size, fishing frequency, and fishermen's age on income levels. Data were collected through a questionnaire administered to 51 respondents consisting of 43 fishermen and 8 port managers, and analyzed using quantitative descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression. The results show that fishermen's perceptions of port performance were generally in the good to very good category, with administrative services receiving the highest rating and facility planning the lowest. The main problems identified include limited berth capacity and sedimentation. Simultaneously, all four variables significantly affect fishermen's income. Partially, capital assistance, fishing frequency, and fishermen's age were proven to have a significant effect on income levels, while vessel size was not proven to have a significant effect. It is recommended that port managers prioritize berth infrastructure improvements and local governments enhance the effectiveness of assistance programs that are more adaptive to the actual needs of fishermen to support the sustainability of the coastal economy in Gunungkidul Regency.

Kata Kunci : port performance, coastal fishing port, fishermen's income, fishermen's perception, multiple linear regression.