Prarancangan Pabrik Antrakuinon dari Benzena dan Anhidrida Ftalat dengan Kapasitas 40.000 Ton/Tahun
Nadine Naila Rahma, Prof. Ir. Arief Budiman, MS., D.Eng. IPU
2026 | Skripsi | TEKNIK KIMIA
Antrakuinon merupakan komoditas kimia penting yang direncanakan untuk diproduksi melalui prarancangan pabrik ini dengan kapasitas target mencapai 40.000 ton/tahun. Pabrik beroperasi secara kontinu 24 selama 330 hari dalam setahun. Proses sintesis mengonsumsi bahan baku berupa benzena dengan laju alir sebesar 2089,45 kg/jam dan anhidrida ftalat sebesar 3696,62 kg/jam. Sebagai langkah strategis untuk mengoptimalkan rantai pasok bahan baku sekaligus mempermudah jangkauan pasar, kawasan Kabupaten Serang, Banten dipilih sebagai lokasi pendirian pabrik. Proses pembentukan antrakuinon berjalan dengan reaksi Friedel-Crafts pada reaktor alir berpengaduk. Operasi reaktor dijaga pada suhu 60°C dan tekanan 1 atm. Reaksi berjalan eksotermis sehingga unit reaktor dilengkapi dengan koil pendingin untuk mempertahankan suhu operasi optimal pada suhu operasi. Rangkaian pemurnian di unit pemisahan menghasilkan produk akhir antrakuinon dengan laju 5050,51 kg/jam dengan tingkat kemurnian sebesar 99,80%. Kebutuhan utilitas pendukung operasional mencakup pasokan air total sebesar 1255,39 m3/jam yang dialokasikan untuk air pendingin, umpan boiler, kebutuhan domestik, dan sistem pemadam api. Di samping itu, konsumsi daya listrik pabrik diproyeksikan sebesar 4034 hp atau sekitar 3 MW dan kebutuhan udara tekan instrumentasi dan pembakaran sebesar 28926,93 m3/jam. Analisis ekonomi menunjukkan kebutuhan investasi berupa fixed capital sebesar $91.610.867,14 dan working capital sebesar $110.856.255,831. Pabrik ini memerlukan manufacturing cost sebesar $304.395.563,73 serta general expenses sebesar $83.400.665,75. melalui proyeksi penjualan tahunan senilai $434.524.164,55, estimasi profit before tax adalah $36.447.789,36/tahun. Evaluasi kelayakan ekonomi menghasilkan parameter berupa Faktor Lang sebesar 7,42, Return of investment (ROI) sebesar 51,01%, Payout Time (POT) sebesar 1,67 tahun, serta Discounted Cash Flow Rate of Return (DCFRR) sebesar 25,72%. Nilai Break Even Point (BEP) dan Shutdown Point (SDP) berturut-turut berada pada angka 44,84?n 31,86%. Berdasarkan parameter indikator ekonomi tersebut, pendirian pabrik antrakuinon ini dinilai layak dan menarik untuk direalisasikan menuju tahap perancangan lebih lanjut.
Anthraquinone is a vital chemical commodity planned to be manufactured through this plant design with a target capacity of 40,000 tons/year. The plant is scheduled to operate continuously for 24 hours a day, 330 days a year. The synthesis process consumes main raw materials consisting of benzene at a flow rate of 2089,45 kg/hour and phthalic anhydride at 3696,92 kg/hour. As a strategic measure to optimize the raw material supply chain while enhancing market accessibility, the Serang City, Banten Province area was selected as the plant site. The formation of anthraquinone proceeds via a Friedel-Crafts reaction inside a Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor. The reactor operation is maintained at a steady state at a temperature of 60°C and a pressure of 1 atm. Due to the exothermic nature of the reaction, the reactor unit is equipped with a cooling coil to maintain the optimal operating temperature. The purification sequence in the separation unit yields the final anthraquinone product at a rate of 5050,51 kg/hour with a purity level of 99,80%. The operational utility support requires a total water supply of 1255,39 m3/hour, allocated for cooling water, boiler feed water, domestic needs, and the fire protection system. Furthermore, the plant's electricity consumption is projected at 3 MW, with compressed air requirements for instrumentation and combustion reaching 28926,93 m3/hour. Macroeconomic analysis indicates an investment requirement consisting of a fixed capital of $91.610.867,14 and a working capital of $110.856.255,83. The plant demands a manufacturing cost of $304.395.563,73 and general expenses of $83.400.665,75. Through an annual sales projection valued at $434.524.164,55, the estimated profit before tax is $36.447.789,36/year. Economic feasibility evaluation yields parameters including a Lang Factor of 7,42, a Return on Investment (ROI) of 51,01%, a Payout Time (POT) of 1,67 years, and a Discounted Cash Flow Rate of Return (DCFRR) of 25,72%. The Break-Even Point (BEP) and Shutdown Point (SDP) are calculated at 44,84% and 31,86%, respectively. Based on these economic indicators, the establishment of this anthraquinone plant is deemed feasible and prospective for realization in further design stages.
Kata Kunci : Antrakuinon, Benzena, Anhidrida Ftalat
