Efisiensi Penjerapan Fenolik dan Flavonoid dalam Mikroenkapsulasi Ekstrak bunga telang (Clitoria ternatea L.) sebagai Bioaktif Formula Losion Topikal

Fitriya Nurhayati, Prof. Dra. Rarastoeti Pratiwi, M.Sc., Ph.D. , Dr. Ardaning Nuriliani, S.Si., M.Kes.

2026 | Skripsi | BIOLOGI

Bunga telang (Clitoria ternatea L.) dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan natural antiphotaging karena kandungan senyawa fitokimia seperti fenolik, flavonoid, dan antosianin. Namun, ekstrak akuades bunga telang memiliki efektivitas  antiphotoaging yang masih rendah. Pengembangan melalui metode mikroenkapsulasi ekstrak akuades bunga telang dalam mikropartikel kitosan-STPP mampu meningkatkan efektifitas antiphotoaging melalui formulasi losion UVB yang ditinjau dari hasil uji in vivo terhadap lapisan epidermis, dermis, serta densitas kolagen yang dipapar sinar UVB. Namun, belum diketahui kadar senyawa fitokimia ekstrak bunga telang yang berhasil terjerap dalam mikroapartikel dan seberapa optimal mikropartikel dalam menjerap senyawa. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kadar fenolik dan flavonoid yang berhasil terjerap dalam mikropartikel dengan berbagai volume penambahan ekstrak akuades bunga telang, mengetahui berapa efisiensi penjerapan mikropartikel serta mengetahui stabilitas sediaan losion mikropartikel ekstark bunga telang. Metode penelitian kadar fenolik total menggunakan folin ciocalteu, pengujian kadar flavonoid total melalui metode kombinasi  NaNO2- AlCl3 – NaOH serta pengujian fisikokimia dengan parameter uji pH, daya sebar, daya lekat dan stabilitas dipercepat. Hasil yang didapatkan menunjukkan variasi volume penambahan ekstrak akuades bunga telang meningkatkan kadar fenolik total mikropartikel serta efisiensi penjerapan fenolik, hingga terjadi penurunan saat batas kadar optimum tercapai pada mikropartikel M5 yakni pada 3,78 ± 9,2 mgGAE/g serta efisiensi penjerapan 4,7 ± 13,9 %. Kadar flavonoid total sebesar 11,04 ± 15,3 mgQE/g serta efisiensi penjerapan flavonoid sebesar 9,75 ± 19,5% pada  mikropartikel dengan penambahan ekstrak paling tinggi (M10). Losion F1 dan F3 memiliki stabilitas baik ditinjau dari nilai pH 6, daya lekat >1 detik dan daya lekat memenuhi rentang ideal (5-7cm) pasca uji stabilitas dipercepat.

Butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea L.) is used as a natural antiphotoaging agent due to its content of phytochemichal compounds such as phenolics, flavonoids, and anthocyanins. However, the aqueous extract of butterfly pea flower still has low antiphotoaging effectiveness. Microencapsulation of the aqueous extract using chitosan-STPP microparticles has been shown to improve antiphotoaging effectiveness in a UVB lotion, based on in vivo tests on the epidermis, dermis and collagen density after UVB exposure. However, it is still unknown how much phenolic and flavonoid content is actually entrapped in in the microparticle and how optimal the entrapment process is. This study aimed to determine the phenolic and flavonoid content entrapped in microparticles made with different volumes butterfly pea  extract, to determine the entrapment efficiency of the microparticle, and to evaluate the stability of the resulting microparticle lotion. Total phenolic content  was measured using the folin ciocalteu method, total flavonoid content was measured using the combine NaNO2- AlCl3 – NaOH method, and physicochemical testing included pH, spread ability, adhesiveness, and accelerated stability testing. The results demonstrated that increasing the volume of butterfly pea flower aqueous extract added led to and increase in both the total phenolic content and phenolic entrapment efficiency of the microparticle, until an optimum level was reached at formulation M5, with total phenolic content of 3,78 ± 9,2 mgGAE/g and an entrapment efficiency of 4,7 ± 13,9%. The total flavonoid content was 11,04 ± 15,3 mgQE/g and the efficiency entrapment flavonoid was 9,75 ± 19,5%  in the microparticles with the highest extract concentration (M10).Lotion F1 and F3 exhibited good stability, as indicated by a pH of 6, adhesion time adhesion time >1 second, and adhesion within the ideal range (5–7 cm) following the accelerated stability test.

Kata Kunci : bunga telang, efisiensi penjerapan, fenolik, flavonoid, mikroenkapsulasi