Prarancangan Pabrik Asam Akrilat dari Gliserol dengan Kapasitas 65.000 Ton/Tahun

Daniel Dyca Ta'dung, Prof. Ir. Panut Mulyono, M.Eng., D.Eng., IPU., ASEAN.Eng.

2026 | Skripsi | TEKNIK KIMIA

Prarancangan pabrik asam akrilat dari gliserol ini direncanakan akan beroperasi dengan kapasitas sebesar 65.000 ton/tahun yang beroperasi selama 24 jam dalam satu hari dan 8000 jam dalam setahun. Bahan baku utama pada pabrik ini merupakan gliserol 99,5?ngan laju massa sebesar 17.823,50 kg/jam. Pabrik ini akan dibangun di Kabupaten Karawang, Jawa Barat dengan pertimbangan akses pasar dan distribusi produk. Proses pada pabrik ini dimulai dengan hidrolisis gliserol menjadi akrolein, dengan multitube fixed bed reactor dengan suhu 330? dan 2,5 atm. Kemudian, akrolein akan dioksidasikan menjadi asam akrilat dengan multitube fixed bed reactor dengan suhu 250? dan 5 atm. Setelah melalui tahap separasi dan pemurnian produk, diperoleh asam akrilat sebanyak 8.125 kg/jam dengan kemurnian sebesar 99,9%. Operasional pabrik didukung dengan unit utilitas untuk mengolah kebutuhan air sebanyak 1,300,091.41kg/jam untuk keperluan proses, hydrant, boiler feed water, dan umum, listrik sebesar 1212,50 HP, serta udara sebanyak 47,700.92 kg/jam untuk pembakaran dan udara tekan peralatan instrumentasi. Luas tanah untuk pembangunan pabrik sebesar 12,2421 hektar. Pendirian pabrik ini membutuhkan fixed capital sebesar $65,411,586.19. Selama beroperasi, dibutuhkan manufacturing cost sebesar $50,652,595.70/tahun, working capital sebesar $20,951,226.83, pengeluaran umum sebesar $11,777,628.73/ tahun. Penjualan asam akrilat memberikan pemasukan sebesar $103,361,193.85 per tahunnya, sehingga diperoleh keuntungan sebesar $31,926,156.14 setelah dipotong pajak. Analisis kelayakan pabrik ini menghasilkan return of investment (ROI) sebesar 48,81%, payout time (POT) sebesar 1,54 tahun, discounted cashflow rate of return (DCFRR) sebesar 48,39%, breakeven point (BEP) sebesar 25,19%, dan shutdown point (SDP) sebesar 10,84%. Berdasarkan analisis ekonomi teresebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pabrik ini dinyatakan layak dan menarik untuk dikaji lebih lanjut.

This study proposes the preliminary design of an acrylic acid production facility using glycerol as the primary feedstock. The plant is planned to operate at a capacity of 65,000 tons per year, running continuously 24 hours per day and 8,000 hours annually. The main raw material of this process is 99.5 wt% glycerol with a mass flow rate of 17,823.50 kg per hour, supplied as the primary feed to the process. The plant will be located in Karawang, West Java, Indonesia, selected based on its convenient access to markets and efficient product distribution channels. The production process starts with the conversion of glycerol to acrolein through hydrolysis in a multitube fixed-bed reactor operating at 330? and 2.5 atm. Subsequently, the acrolein is oxidized to acrylic acid in another multitube fixed-bed reactor at 250? and 2.5 atm. After passing through separation and purification stages, the process yields acrylic acid at a flow rate of 8,125 kg per hour with a product purity of 99.9%. To support plant operations, a utility system is provided to supply approximately 1,300,091.41 kg per hour of water for process use, fire hydrants, boiler feed water, and general plant needs; electrical power totaling 1,212.50 HP; and air at a rate of 47,700.92 kg per hour for fuel combustion and instrument air. The total land area required for construction of the facility is approximately 12.2421 hectares.

The establishment of this plant requires a fixed capital investment of $65,411,586.19. During operation, the plant incurs an annual manufacturing cost of $50,652,595.70, working capital of $20,951,226.83, and general expenses of $11,777,628.73 per year. Annual sales of acrylic acid are projected to generate revenues of $103,361,193.85, resulting in a net profit of $31,926,156.14 after tax. The economic feasibility assessment yields a return on investment (ROI) of 48.81%, a payout time (POT) of 1.54 years, a discounted cash flow rate of return (DCFRR) of 48.39%, a breakeven Point (BEP) of 25.19%, and a shutdown Point (SDP) of 10.84%. These results demonstrate that the proposed plant is economically viable and attractive for further detailed study and development.

Kata Kunci : Asam Akrilat, Gliserol, Dehidrasi-Oksidasi