Analisis Kebutuhan dan Tata Letak Fasilitas Pascapanen Jagung di Kawasan Hutan Dengan Tujuan Khusus (KHDTK) UGM Blora-Ngawi

Haekal Ahmad Ramadhani, Dr. Nafis Khuriyati, S.T.P., M.Agr.; Dr. Wagiman, S.T.P., M.Si.

2026 | Skripsi | TEKNOLOGI INDUSTRI PERTANIAN

Kawasan Hutan Dengan Tujuan Khusus (KHDTK) UGM Blora-Ngawi memiliki lahan jagung seluas 3.493,04 ha dengan produktivitas rata-rata ±6 ton/ha. Saat ini, UGM belum memiliki fasilitas pascapanen sendiri di kawasan tersebut, sehingga petani menjual hasil panen langsung kepada pengepul. Akibatnya, nilai tambah hanya dinikmati oleh pihak luar (pengepul), sementara UGM kehilangan potensi pendapatan dan kontribusi strategis sebagai pengelola kawasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kapasitas produksi fasilitas pascapanen jagung, menentukan kebutuhan fasilitas mendukung proses pengeringan dan penyimpanan jagung sesuai standar, serta menghasilkan rancangan tata letak fasilitas pascapanen jagung.  Penentuan kapasitas produksi dan spesifikasi operasional dilakukan melalui metode competitive benchmarking terhadap fasilitas pascapanen pembanding di sekitar kawasan, sedangkan rancangan gudang mengacu pada SNI 7331:2021 tentang Gudang Komoditas Pertanian. Selanjutnya, perancangan tata letak dievaluasi menggunakan pendekatan Activity Relationship Chart (ARC) dan algoritma BLOCPLAN. Hasil penelitian menetapkan kapasitas produksi optimal sebesar 90 ton jagung basah per hari, difasilitasi oleh 3 unit mesin Fixed Bed Dryer berkapasitas 30 ton per unit, dengan total kebutuhan luas bangunan sebesar 1.345,72 m² yang terdiri dari fasilitas utama seluas 1.222,36 m² dan fasilitas pendukung seluas 123,36 m², serta kebutuhan luas lahan sebesar 3.774 m². Berdasarkan evaluasi terhadap 20 alternatif tata letak dari perangkat lunak BLOCPLAN, terpilih Layout enam sebagai rancangan terbaik dengan nilai adjacency score 0,95 dan R-score 0,82. Rancangan ini menerapkan pola aliran material berbentuk lurus dengan urutan proses meliputi area unloading, pengeringan, pengemasan, hingga gudang barang jadi.

The Special Purpose Forest Area (KHDTK) of Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) Blora-Ngawi manages 3,493.04 ha of corn cultivation area with an average productivity of approximately 6 tons/ha. Currently, UGM does not own a postharvest facility in the area, forcing farmers to sell freshly harvested corn directly to middlemen. Consequently, the added value is captured by external parties, while UGM loses potential revenue and its strategic role as the area manager. This study aimed to determine the production capacity of a corn postharvest facility, identify the facility requirements to support the corn drying and storage processes in accordance with applicable standards, and develop the facility layout design. Production capacity and operational specifications were determined using a competitive benchmarking approach by comparing existing postharvest facilities in the surrounding area, while the warehouse design referred to SNI 7331:2021 on Agricultural Commodity Warehouses. Furthermore, the facility layout was evaluated using the Activity Relationship Chart (ARC) and the BLOCPLAN algorithm. The results indicated that the optimal production capacity was 90 tons of wet corn per day, supported by three Fixed Bed Dryer units with a capacity of 30 tons each. The total required building area was 1,345.72 m², consisting of 1,222.36 m² for the main facilities and 123.36 m² for supporting facilities, with a total land requirement of 3,774 m². Among the 20 layout alternatives generated by the BLOCPLAN software, Layout 6 was selected as the best alternative, achieving an adjacency score of 0.95 and an R-score of 0.82. The proposed design applies a straight-line material flow pattern consisting of the unloading, drying, packaging, and finished goods warehouse areas.

Kata Kunci : ARC, benchmarking, BLOCPLAN, fasilitas pascapanen, jagung, tata letak