Respons Pertumbuhan Tanaman dan Profil Metabolit Eksudat Akar Pisang (Musa acuminata L.'Cavendish Siger' Pasca Inokulasi Bakteri Endofit Bacillus sp. EA2(2)

Lakshita Faradilla Firdausy, Prof. Dr. Yekti Asih Purwestri, S. Si., M. Si

2026 | Skripsi | BIOLOGI

Pisang Cavendish termasuk ke dalam kelompok kultivar pisang rentan terhadap cekaman biotik maupun abiotik. Pendekatan alternatif dengan memanfaatkan bakteri endofit mampu memacu pertumbuhan dan ketahanan tanaman melalui mekanisme kolonisasi pada jaringan tanaman. Kolonisasi bakteri endofit juga dapat memodulasi aktivitas metabolisme tanaman melalui perubahan komposisi metabolit eksudat akar. Keberhasilan kolonisasinya dapat diamati melalui Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) pada jaringan akar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan isolat bakteri endofit terpilih EA2(2) sebagai pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman dan perubahan komposisi metabolit eksudat akar pisang Cavendish Siger. Metode dalam penelitian ini, meliputi inokulasi bakteri endofit dengan cara perendaman dalam empat perlakuan tanaman, penanaman dan inkubasi tanaman, serta analisis metabolit eksudat akar melalui LC-HRMS. Empat perlakuan tanaman mencakup perlakuan kontrol, inokulasi selama 30 menit, 1 jam, dan 2 jam. Pengamatan pertumbuhan tanaman dilakukan selama 21 hari dengan tiga parameter pertumbuhan, mencakup panjang akar, tinggi tanaman, dan jumlah daun kemudian dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA. Hasil ANOVA menunjukkan efektivitas inokulasi selama 1 jam menghasilkan rerata pertumbuhan tertinggi pada ketiga parameter. Berdasarkan hasil LC-HRMS, diperoleh sebanyak 79 metabolit pada perlakuan kontrol dengan dominansi kelompok metabolit primer serta sebanyak 112 metabolit pada perlakuan tanaman yang diinokulasi selama 1 jam dengan dominansi kelompok metabolit sekunder. 

Cavendish bananas are part of a banana cultivar group that is vulnerable to both biotic and abiotic stress. An alternative approach using endophytic bacteria can boost plant growth and resistance through colonization of plant tissues. Endophytic bacterial colonization can also modulate plant metabolic activity by changing the composition of root exudate metabolites. The success of this colonization can be observed using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) on root tissues. This study aims to find out the ability of the selected endophytic bacterial isolate EA2(2) to promote plant growth and alter the composition of root exudate metabolites in Cavendish Siger bananas. The methods in this study include inoculation of endophytic bacteria by soaking four plant treatments, planting and incubating the plants, and analyzing root exudate metabolites via LC HRMS. The four plant treatments include a control, 30-minute inoculation, 1-hour inoculation, and 2-hour inoculation. Plant growth was observed over 21 days using three growth parameters: root length, plant height, and the number of leaves, then analyzed using ANOVA. The ANOVA results showed that a 1-hour inoculation was the most effective, producing the highest average growth across all three parameters. Based on LC-HRMS results, 79 metabolites were found in the control treatment, dominated by primary metabolites, while 112 metabolites were found in plants inoculated for 1 hour, dominated by secondary metabolites.

Kata Kunci : Bakteri endofit, eksudat akar, LC-HRMS, pisang Cavendish