Faktor prasangka sosial dan identitas sosial dalam perilaku agresi pada konflik warga :: Kasus konflik warga Bearland dan warga Palmeriam Matraman Jakarta Timur

NURAENI, Dr. Faturochman, MA

2005 | Tesis | S2 Psikologi (Psikologi Sosial)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor prasangka sosial dan identitas sosial dalam perilaku agresi pada konflik warga Bearland dengan Palmeriam di wilayah Matraman Jakarta Timur. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Pendekatan kuantitatif menggunakan metode skala. Perilaku agresi diukur melalui skala perilaku agresi, prasangka sosial diukur melalui skala prasangka sosial, dan identitas sosial diukur melalui skala identitas sosial. Subjek penelitian ini warga Palmeriam dan warga Bearland yang diambil melalui teknik random dengan jumlah 100 orang dari warga Palmeriam dan 100 orang dari warga Bearland. Hasil analisis deskripsi perilaku agresi warga Palmeriam rata-rata memiliki tingkat perilaku agresi yang tinggi sebesar 38% yang menyatakan dari 100 responden. Hasil analisis regresi sederhana menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Prasangka sosia berperan secara signifikan terhadap perilaku agresi (t= 5,363; p= 0,000 < 0,05). (2) Identitas sosial berperan secara signifikan terhadap perilaku agresi (t= 2,191; p= 0,031 < 0,05). Hasil analisis korelasi ganda menunjukkan prasangka sosial dan identitas sosial berperan secara sangat signifikan terhadap perilaku agresi pada konflik warga Palmeriam dan Bearland (Ry.12= 0,529). Hasil analisis deskripsi perilaku agresi pada warga Bearland rata-rata memiliki tingkat perilaku agresi yang tinggi sebesar 49% yang menyatakan dari 100 responden. Hasil analisis regresi sederhana menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Prasangka sosial berperan secara signifikan terhadap perilaku agresi (t= 3,829; p= 0,000 < 0,05). (2) Identitas sosial berperan secara signifikan terhadap perilaku agresi (t= 2,061; p= 0,042 < 0,05). Hasil analisis korelasi ganda menunjukkan prasangka sosial dan identitas sosial berperan secara sangat signifikan terhadap perilaku agresi pada konflik warga Palmeriam dan Bearland (Ry.12= 0,432). Hasil analisis korelasi ganda dari data keseluruhan baik data di Palmeriam dan data di Bearland menunjukkan, bahwa prasangka sosial dan identitas sosial berperan secara sangat signifikan terhadap perilaku agresi yang terjadi pada konflik antar warga Palmeriam dan warga Bearland (F= 27,407; p= 0,000 <0,05), dan perilaku agresi dapat dijelaskan oleh prasangka sosial dan identitas sosial sebesar 21,8% (R2 =0,218). Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan, bahwa prasangka sosial dan identitas sosial bagi warga Palmeriam dan Bearland melalui hasil penelitian berperan positif terhadap perilaku agresif pada konflik antar ke dua komunitas warga. Hasil penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode observasi, dokumantasi, dan wawancara, terlihat bahwa prasangka sosial dan identitas sosial berpengaruh terhadap perilaku agresi warga Palmeriam dan Bearland dalam konflik antar warga tersebut. Prasangka sosial dan Identitas sosial kedua warga ini terbentuk dengan dipengaruhi latar belakang sejarah permusuhan dan sejarah politik. Kesamaan pemahaman dan sudut pandang mengenai sejarah konflik yang dialami kedua warga pemukiman kemudian disosialisasikan oleh sesama warga dalam masing-masing komunitas. Proses sosialisasi tersebut membangun kategorisasi sosial yang berbeda dan bertentangan sebagai kami (ingroup) dan mereka (outgroup) bagi warga kedua pemukiman. Hasil penelitian kualitatif juga mengungkapkan bahwa faktor lain yang mempengaruhi perilaku agresi ke dua warga adalah faktor kemiskinan. Kemiskinan yang mereka alami mempengaruhi hubungan dan interaksi sosial diantara warga Bearland dan Palmeriam. Permasalahan yang terkait dengan kemiskinan seperti pengangguran dan rendahnya penghasilan, menyebabkan adanya persaingan memperebutkan sumber daya ekonomi yang ada dilingkungan pemukiman mereka.

This research is aimed to know the social prejudice and social identity factors of aggressive behaviour in the social conflict between the people of Bearland and Palmerian, Matramam, East Jakarta. The qualitative and quantitative approaches were applied in this research. The scale method was used in the quantitative one. Aggressive behaviour, therefore, was measured by the scale of aggressive behaviour, the social prejudice was by the scale of social prejudice, and the social identity was by the scale of social identity. The subject of this research was 100 people, for each, of Bearland and Palmeriam who were randomly taken as samples. The descriptive analysis on the aggressive behaviour results that the aggressive behaviour of the people of Palmeriam is 38 % on an average. In other words, 38 out of the 100-sampled people of Palmeriam tend to have this behaviour. The regression analysis shows that: (1) social prejudice has a significant role toward people’s aggressive behaviour (t= 5.363; p= 0.000 < 0.05). (2) Social identity has also a significant role toward aggressive behaviour (t= 2.191; p=0.031 < 0.05). The multiple correlation analysis results that social prejudice and social identity have a very significant role toward aggressive behaviour in the social conflict between the people of Bearland and Palmeriam (Ry. 12= 0.529). On the other way, the descriptive analysis on the aggressive behaviour results that the aggressive behaviour of the people of Bearland is 49 % on an average. In other words, 48 out of the 100-sampled people of Bearland tend to have this behaviour. The regression analysis shows that: (1) social prejudice has a significant role toward people’s aggressive behaviour (t= 3.829; p= 0.000 < 0.05). (2) Social identity has also a significant role toward aggressive behaviour (t= 2.061; p=0.042 < 0.05). The multiple correlation analysis results that social prejudice and social identity have a very significant role toward aggressive behaviour in the social conflict between the people of Bearland and Palmeriam (Ry. 12= 0.432). The regression analysis for both the Palmeriam and the Bearland samples shows that social prejudice and social identity have a very significant role toward aggressive behaviour in the social conflict between the Bearland and Palmeriam (F=27.407; p= 0.000 < 0.05). Besides, aggressive behaviour influenced by social prejudice and social identity is as much as 21.8% (R2 =0,218). Thus, this research finds, as the conclusion, that social prejudice and social identity have positive roles toward the aggressive behaviour in the social conflict between the two communities. The qualitative approach with observation, documentation, and interview methods shows that social prejudice and social identity influence the aggressive behaviour of Palmeriam and Bearland in their social conflict. The social prejudice and social identity are arrised by the influence of the rivalry and political background. The similarity between the conception and perception of conflict history. Experienced by those two social groups is socialized among members of communities. The socialization proses grows different and contradictory categories as ingroup and outgroup for both communities. The qualitative approach results that the other factor influencing the aggressive behaviour of both Palmeriam and Bearland people is poverty, by which the relationship and social interaction among them are influenced. The problems of poverty, such as unemployment and having low income, become the causes of the social rivalry in exploiting the economic resources around the people’s environment of Palmeriam and Bearland.

Kata Kunci : Psikologi Sosial,Perilaku Agresi,Prasangka Sosial, Aggressive Behaviour, Social Prejudice, Social Identity, Poverty