Prarancangan Pabrik Antrakuinon dari Benzena dan Anhidrida Ftalat dengan Kapasitas 40.000 Ton/Tahun
Miftaqus Sa'adah, Prof. Ir. Arief Budiman, MS., D.Eng., IPU., ASEAN.Eng
2026 | Skripsi | TEKNIK KIMIA
Antrakuinon
merupakan komoditas kimia penting yang direncanakan untuk diproduksi melalui
prarancangan pabrik ini dengan kapasitas target mencapai 40.000 ton/tahun. Pabrik
beroperasi secara kontinu 24 selama 330 hari dalam setahun. Proses sintesis
mengonsumsi bahan baku berupa benzena dengan laju alir sebesar 2089,45 kg/jam
dan anhidrida ftalat sebesar 3696,62 kg/jam. Sebagai langkah strategis untuk
mengoptimalkan rantai pasok bahan baku sekalitgus mempermudah jangkauan pasar,
kawasan Kabupaten Serang,
Banten, Jawa Barat dipilih sebagai lokasi pendirian pabrik. Proses pembentukan antrakuinon berjalan dengan
reaksi Friedel-Crafts pada reaktor alir berpengasuk. Operasi reaktor dijaga
pada suhu 60°C dan tekanan 1 atm. Reaksi berjalan eksotermis sehingga unit
reaktor dilengkapi dengan koil pendingin untuk mempertahankan suhu operasi
optimal pada suhu operasi. Rangkaian pemurnian di unit pemisahan menghasilkan
produk akhir antrakuinon dengan laju 5050,51 kg/jam dengan tingkat kemurnian
sebesar 99,80%. Kebutuhan utilitas pendukung operasional mencakup pasokan
air total sebesar 1255,39 m3/jam yang dialokasikan untuk air
pendingin, umpan boiler, kebutuhan
domestik, dan sistem pemadam api. Di
samping itu, konsumsi daya listrik pabrik diproyeksikan sebesar 4034 hp atau
sekitar 3 MW dan kebutuhan udara tekan instrumentasi dan pembakaran sebesar 28926,93 m3/jam. Analisis ekonomi
menunjukkan kebutuhan investasi berupa fixed
capital sebesar $91.610.867,14 dan working
capital sebesar $110.856.255,831. Pabrik ini memerlukan manufacturing cost sebesar $304.395.563,73
serta general expenses sebesar $83.400.665,75.
melalui proyeksi penjualan tahunan senilai $434.524.164,55, estimasi profit before tax adalah $36.447.789,36/tahun.
Evaluasi kelayakan ekonomi menghasilkan parameter berupa Faktor Lang sebesar
7,42, Return of investment (ROI) sebesar 51,01%, Payout Time (POT)
sebesar 1,67 tahun, serta Discounted Cash Flow Rate of Return (DCFRR)
sebesar 25,72%. Nilai
Break Even Point (BEP) dan Shutdown Point (SDP) berturut-turut berada pada angka 44,84?n 31,86%. Berdasarkan
parameter indikator ekonomi tersebut, pendirian pabrik antrakuinon ini dinilai
layak dan menarik untuk direalisasikan menuju tahap perancangan lebih lanjut.
Kata Kunci
: Antrakuinon, Benzena,
Anhidrida Ftalat
Anthraquinone
is a vital chemical commodity planned to be manufactured through this plant
design with a target capacity of 40,000 tons/year. The plant is scheduled to
operate continuously for 24 hours a day, 330 days a year. The synthesis process
consumes main raw materials consisting of benzene at a flow rate of 2089,45
kg/hour and phthalic anhydride at 3696,92 kg/hour. As a strategic measure to
optimize the raw material supply chain while enhancing market accessibility,
the Serang City, Banten Province area was selected as the plant site. The
formation of anthraquinone proceeds via a Friedel-Crafts reaction inside a
Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor. The reactor operation is maintained at a
steady state at a temperature of 60°C and a pressure of 1 atm. Due to the
exothermic nature of the reaction, the reactor unit is equipped with a cooling
coil to maintain the optimal operating temperature. The purification sequence
in the separation unit yields the final anthraquinone product at a rate of 5050,51
kg/hour with a purity level of 99,80%. The operational utility support requires
a total water supply of 1255,39 m3/hour, allocated for cooling
water, boiler feed water, domestic needs, and the fire protection system.
Furthermore, the plant's electricity consumption is projected at 3 MW, with
compressed air requirements for instrumentation and combustion reaching 28926,93
m3/hour. Macroeconomic analysis indicates an investment
requirement consisting of a fixed capital of $91.610.867,14 and a working
capital of $110.856.255,83. The plant demands a manufacturing cost of $304.411.415,04
and general expenses of $83.400.665,75. Through an annual sales projection
valued at $434.524.164,55, the estimated profit before tax is $36.447.789,36/year.
Economic feasibility evaluation yields parameters including a Lang Factor of 7,42,
a Return on Investment (ROI) of 51,01%, a Payout Time (POT) of 1,67 years, and
a Discounted Cash Flow Rate of Return (DCFRR) of 25,72%. The Break-Even Point
(BEP) and Shutdown Point (SDP) are calculated at 44,84% and 31,86%,
respectively. Based on these economic indicators, the establishment of this
anthraquinone plant is deemed feasible and prospective for realization in
further design stages.
Keywords:
Anthraquinone, Benzene, Phthalic Anhydride
Kata Kunci : Anthraquinone, Benzene, Phthalic Anhydride