Konstruksi Narasi Kebijakan Pengembangan Tanaman Aren untuk Bioenergi: Analisis Setting, Karakter, dan Koalisi Aktor dalam Kerangka Narrative Policy Framework

Adira Hasna Maritza, Ir. Dwiko Budi Permadi, S.Hut., M.Sc., Ph.D., IPU

2026 | Skripsi | KEHUTANAN

Ketahanan energi menjadi prioritas pembangunan nasional di bawah pemerintahan Presiden Prabowo Subianto, menjadikan tanaman aren dipromosikan sebagai sumber bioetanol. Namun, kajian mengenai konstruksi narasi kebijakan oleh para aktor masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis konstruksi narasi kebijakan pengembangan tanaman aren untuk bioenergi menggunakan kerangka Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) melalui elemen setting, karakter, dan koalisi aktor. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif studi kasus, data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam, analisis dokumen kebijakan, dan media massa, lalu dianalisis dengan NVivo 15. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terbentuknya tiga koalisi naratif: Koalisi Pro-Aren (600 referensi), Koalisi Posisi Ganda (524 referensi), dan Koalisi Kritis-Evaluatif (349 referensi). Analisis setting didominasi skala lokal seperti Pilot Kamojang (37,5%) sebagai basis legitimasi nasional. Pada aspek karakter, elemen villain mendominasi dengan 226 referensi. Mekanisme kausal didominasi oleh mechanical cause dan structural barrier yang mencerminkan hambatan sistemik, serta memperlihatkan adanya epistemic gap antara narasi dominan dan substansi regulasi. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kebijakan pengembangan aren dibentuk oleh narasi dan akses institusional aktor, bukan sekadar bukti ilmiah. Dominasi Koalisi Pro-Aren kuat dalam mengarahkan kebijakan, sedangkan isu implementasi dari koalisi lain belum terakomodasi dalam regulasi formal.

Energy security has become a national development priority under President Prabowo Subianto's administration, leading to the promotion of sugar palm as a bioethanol source. However, research examining how policy narratives are constructed by policy actors remains limited. This study aims to analyze the narrative construction of the sugar palm development policy for bioenergy using the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) through the lenses of setting, characters, and actor coalitions. Employing a qualitative case study approach, data were gathered through in-depth interviews, policy document analysis, and mass media, and subsequently analyzed using NVivo 15. The findings reveal the formation of three narrative coalitions: the Pro-Palm Coalition (600 references), the Dual-Position Coalition (524 references), and the Critical-Evaluative Coalition (349 references). Setting analysis indicates a dominance of local settings, specifically the Kamojang Pilot (37.5%), which serves as the basis for national policy legitimacy. Regarding characters, the villain element dominates the narrative with 226 references. The causal mechanism is dominated by mechanical causes and structural barriers, reflecting systemic obstacles and highlighting an epistemic gap between the dominant narrative and regulatory substance. This study concludes that the sugar palm development policy is shaped by narratives and the institutional access of actors rather than merely technical and scientific evidence. The dominance of the Pro-Palm Coalition significantly shapes policy direction, while various implementation issues raised by other coalitions have yet to be accommodated in formal regulations.

Kata Kunci : Narrative Policy Framework, bioetanol aren, narasi kebijakan, koalisi aktor, ketahanan energi.;