Respons Petumbuhan Tanaman Selada Keriting (Lactuca sativa L. var. Crispa) terhadap Perlakuan Nutrisi dan Lampu Light Emitting Diode (LED) pada Sistem Hidroponik Nutrient Film Technique (NFT)
Aniddiya Mirza Fakhrani, Dr.nat.techn. Rizki Maftukhah, S.T.P., M.Sc.; Dr. Murtiningrum, S.T.P., M.Eng., IPM. ASEAN Eng.
2026 | Skripsi | TEKNIK PERTANIAN
Keterbatasan lahan subur, meningkatnya kebutuhan pangan, dan tantangan aksesibilitas nutrisi hidroponik komersial mendorong perlunya penelitian yang mengintegrasikan optimasi nutrisi, spektrum pencahayaan, dan pemodelan pertumbuhan secara terpadu dalam sistem pertanian presisi berbasis teknologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji pengaruh AB Mix vs Growmore serta variasi LED terhadap pertumbuhan vegetatif selada (Lactuca sativa L. var Crispa), menemukan kombinasi terbaik, meninjau kondisi mikroklimat, mencari korelasi antara SPAD, tinggi, dan jumlah daun, serta membangun model logistik empat parameter. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Fisika Hayati Universitas Gadjah Mada pada Maret hingga Mei 2026, menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) Faktorial 2×4 dengan lima ulangan. Parameter yang diamati meliputi tinggi batang, jumlah daun, kandungan klorofil (nilai SPAD), serta kondisi mikroklimat berupa suhu dan kelembaban udara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis nutrisi berpengaruh sangat nyata (p < 0 xss=removed xss=removed xss=removed xss=removed> 0,05), yang mengindikasikan kedua faktor bekerja secara independen dan aditif. Analisis korelasi mengonfirmasi hubungan kuat SPAD dengan tinggi (r=0,87) dan daun (r=0,79), sementara model logistik mampu mendeskripsikan dinamika pertumbuhan semua perlakuan dengan akurasi tinggi (R²=0,96–0,99; RMSE=0,15–0,58). Kombinasi terbaik adalah AB Mix dengan lampu ungu, ditunjang suhu rata-rata fase AB Mix (24,52°C) yang lebih sesuai ketimbang Growmore (27,94°C) yang melewati batas toleransi selada. Oleh karena itu, AB Mix direkomendasikan sebagai nutrisi utama yang lebih efektif dan berkelanjutan untuk budidaya selada hidroponik NFT skala indoor.
Limited arable land, increasing food needs, and challenges in the accessibility of commercial hydroponic nutrients drive the need for research that integrates nutrient optimization, lighting spectrum, and growth modeling in an integrated technology-based precision farming system. This study aims to test the influence of AB Mix vs Growmore and LED variations on the vegetative growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), find the best combination, review microclimatic conditions, look for correlations between SPAD, height, and leaf count, and build a four-parameter logistics model. The research was carried out at the Biophysics Laboratory of Gadjah Mada University from March to May 2026, using a Factorial Random Group Design (RAK) 2×4 with five replications. The parameters observed included stem height, number of leaves, chlorophyll content (SPAD value), and microclimatic conditions in the form of air temperature and humidity. The results showed that the type of nutrient had a very significant effect (p < 0 xss=removed xss=removed xss=removed xss=removed> 0.05), indicating that both factors work independently and additively. Correlation analysis confirmed the strong association of SPAD with height (r=0.87) and leaves (r=0.79), while the logistics model was able to describe the growth dynamics of all treatments with high accuracy (R²=0.96–0.99; RMSE=0.15–0.58). The best combination is AB Mix with a purple light, supported by the average temperature of the AB Mix phase (24.52°C) which is more suitable than Growmore (27.94°C) which exceeds the tolerance limit of lettuce. Therefore, AB Mix is recommended as a more effective and sustainable key nutrient for indoor scale NFT hydroponic lettuce cultivation.
Kata Kunci : hidroponik NFT, AB Mix, Growmore, pertumbuhan tanaman selada, klorofil SPAD, model logistik
