SURVEI RESISTANSI ENROFLOXACIN DAN STREPTOMYCIN ISOLAT Escherichia coli: INDIKATOR KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT VETERINER DARI IKAN AIR TAWAR DAN LINGKUNGAN BUDIDAYA KOLAM di KECAMATAN NGEMPLAK

Mohammad Ifthakhur Rizqi, Dr. Roza Azizah Primatika, S.Si., M.Si

2026 | Skripsi | KEDOKTERAN HEWAN

Peningkatan kejadian resistansi antimikroba (antimicrobial resistance/AMR) pada ekosistem akuakultur saat ini telah menjadi ancaman serius bagi kesehatan masyarakat veteriner global akibat risiko kontaminasi bakteri zoonosis melalui rantai pangan. Studi epidemiologi mengenai sebaran bakteri indikator seperti Escherichia coli di wilayah sentra perikanan sangat penting untuk memetakan tingkat pencemaran feses dan pola resistansi obat di lingkungan budidaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengisolasi, mengidentifikasi, dan menentukan profil resistansi Escherichia coli terhadap antibiotik enrofloxacin dan streptomycin pada ekosistem budidaya ikan nila (Oreochromis sp.) dan ikan lele (Clarias sp.) di Kecamatan Ngemplak menggunakan 140 unit sampel dari kompartemen daging, air, dan tanah. Prosedur identifikasi fenotipik melalui pewarnaan Gram dan uji biokimia mengonfirmasi 49 isolat (35,00%) sebagai E. coli, dengan rincian prevalensi kontaminasi pada ekosistem nila sebesar 44,05% (37/84) dan ekosistem lele sebesar 21,43% (12/56). Hasil uji sensitivitas metode Kirby-Bauer pada ekosistem nila terhadap enrofloxacin menunjukkan hasil 70,3% sensitif, 18,9% resistansi, dan 10,8% intermediet, sedangkan terhadap streptomycin mencatatkan 37,8% sensitif, 48,6% resistansi, dan 13,5% intermediet. Pada ekosistem lele, uji terhadap enrofloxacin menghasilkan 75,0% sensitif dan 25,0% resistansi tanpa isolat intermediet, sementara terhadap streptomycin menunjukkan 16,7% sensitif, 66,7% resistansi, dan 16,7% intermediet. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan gambaran komprehensif mengenai pola cemaran dan resistansi spesifik komoditas sebagai landasan evaluasi regulasi antibiotik serta mitigasi AMR di sektor perikanan air tawar Kecamatan Ngemplak.

The rising incidence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in aquaculture ecosystems has emerged as a critical threat to global veterinary public health due to the risk of zoonotic bacterial contamination through the food chain. Epidemiological studies on the distribution of indicator bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, in central fisheries regions are essential to map fecal contamination levels and drug resistance patterns within aquaculture environments. This study aimed to isolate, identify, and determine the resistance profiles of Escherichia coli against enrofloxacin and streptomycin in tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) and catfish (Clarias sp.) aquaculture ecosystems in Ngemplak District using 140 sample units collected from muscle tissue, water, and soil compartments. Phenotypic identification through Gram staining and biochemical testing confirmed 49 isolates (35.00%) as E. coli, with a contamination prevalence of 44.05% (37/84) in the tilapia ecosystem and 21.43% (12/56) in the catfish ecosystem. The Kirby-Bauer susceptibility test results for the tilapia ecosystem showed that 70.3% of the isolates were sensitive, 18.9% were resistant, and 10.8% were intermediate to enrofloxacin, while 37.8% were sensitive, 48.6% were resistant, and 13.5% were intermediate to streptomycin. In the catfish ecosystem, susceptibility testing for enrofloxacin revealed 75.0% sensitive and 25.0% resistant isolates with no intermediate strains, whereas testing for streptomycin yielded 16.7% sensitive, 66.7% resistant, and 16.7% intermediate isolates. The findings of this study provide a comprehensive overview of commodity-specific contamination profiles and resistance patterns, serving as a baseline for evaluating antibiotic use regulations and implementing AMR mitigation strategies in the freshwater fisheries sector of Ngemplak District.

Kata Kunci : Escherichia coli, Clarias sp., Ngemplak, Oreochromis sp., Resistansi Antibiotik.