Diversitas Genetik Ulat Sutera Liar Emas Cricula trifenestrata Helf. di Indonesia Berdasarkan Gen Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI)

Marfuah, Sukirno, S.Si., M.Sc., Ph.D.

2026 | Skripsi | BIOLOGI

Cricula trifenestrata Helf. merupakan ulat sutera liar yang dianggap sebagai hama pada stadium larva, namun menghasilkan kokon berwarna kuning keemasan yang bernilai ekonomis. Penelitian mengenai diversitas genetik C. trifenestrata Helf. di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta berdasarkan gen COI masih terbatas sehingga penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengamati keragaman genetik dan hubungan kekerabatan ulat sutera liar emas C. trifenestrata menggunakan gen COI. Metode penelitian meliputi pengambilan sampel C. trifenestrata, ekstraksi DNA, amplifikasi DNA, elektroforesis dan visualisasi DNA, serta purifikasi dan sekuensing. Data hasil sekuensing dianalisis menggunakan software GeneStudio, BLAST, MESQUITE, MEGA11, dan DnaSP. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa C. trifenestrata di D.I. Yogyakarta lebih banyak ditemukan pada ketinggian 300-450 mdpl, terutama di Kecamatan Cangkringan dan Ngaglik, Kabupaten Sleman. Amplifikasi PCR menghasilkan pita DNA tunggal berukuran ±700 bp dan analisis BLAST menunjukkan bahwa 11 dari 15 sampel teridentifikasi sebagai C. trifenestrata dengan tingkat similaritas 99-100%. Analisis jarak genetik menghasilkan nilai 0,00% yang menunjukkan tidak adanya perbedaan nukleotida antarsekuen sehingga seluruh sampel memiliki susunan nukleotida yang identik. Analisis variasi genetik intrapopulasi menghasilkan satu haplotipe dengan haplotype diversity (Hd) sebesar 0,00 dan nucleotide diversity (?) sebesar 0,00 yang mengindikasikan tingkat variasi genetik sangat rendah dan tidak ada perbedaan genetik antarindividu. Hasil analisis filogenetik menunjukkan bahwa seluruh sampel di Yogyakarta membentuk satu kelompok monofiletik dengan hubungan kekerabatan sangat dekat.

Cricula trifenestrata Helf. is a wild silkworm that is considered an agricultural pest during its larval stage but produces economically valuable golden-yellow cocoons. Research on the genetic diversity of C. trifenestrata Helf. in Special Region of Yogyakarta using the COI gene are remain limited. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship of C. trifenestrata based on the COI gene. The research methods used sample collection of C. trifenestrata, DNA extraction, DNA amplification, DNA electrophoresis and visualization, as well as purification and sequencing. The obtained sequences were analyzed using GeneStudio, BLAST, MESQUITE, MEGA11, and DnaSP software. The results showed that C. trifenestrata was most commonly found at elevations of 300–450 meters above sea level in Cangkringan and Ngaglik subdistricts of Sleman, Special Region of Yogyakarta. PCR amplification produced a single band DNA with a size of approximately 700 bp, and BLAST analysis indicated that 11 out of 15 samples as C. trifenestrata with sequence similarities ranging from 99-100 %. Genetic distance analysis resulted in value of 0.00%, indicating no nucleotide differences between sequences, so all samples have identical nucleotide arrangements. Intrapopulation genetic variation analysis showed one haplotype with a haplotype diversity (Hd) of 0.00 and nucleotide diversity (?) of 0.00, indicating low genetic variation and no genetic differences among individuals. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that all sample from Yogyakarta formed a single monophyletic group with very close phylogenetic relationship.

Kata Kunci : Cricula trifenestrata, gen COI, keragaman genetik