Perhitungan Laju Keausan Roda Gerbong Batu Bara Kapasitas 50 Ton Menggunakan Metode Simulasi Multibody Dynamics dengan Universal Mechanism

Muhamad Syaiful Huda, Dr. Ir. Eng. Agustinus Winarno, S.T., M.Eng.

2026 | Tugas Akhir | D4 TEKNOLOGI REKAYASA MESIN

Peningkatan kapasitas angkutan batu bara di Sumatera Selatan menyebabkan intensitas operasi gerbong semakin tinggi sehingga berpotensi mempercepat keausan flens roda. Namun, laju keausan tersebut belum dapat diprediksi secara pasti, sehingga menyulitkan perencanaan perawatan dan penggantian roda. Penelitian ini bertujuan menghitung laju keausan flens roda gerbong batu bara berkapasitas 50 ton di lintas Sumatera Selatan menggunakan simulasi Multibody Dynamics serta menganalisis pengaruh geometri lintasan dan kecepatan terhadap laju keausan tersebut. Simulasi dilakukan menggunakan perangkat lunak Universal Mechanism dengan model keausan Archard yang mempertimbangkan parameter kecepatan, geometri lintasan, koefisien gesek, koefisien keausan, dan track irregularities. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata laju keausan flens roda sebesar 0,2421 mm/bulan dengan deviasi 7,02% terhadap nilai acuan 0,2263 mm/bulan, sehingga mampu merepresentasikan kondisi operasional dengan baik. Selain itu, leading wheel mengalami keausan lebih tinggi dibandingkan trailing wheel. Peningkatan kecepatan menyebabkan gaya lateral meningkat, sedangkan peningkatan jari-jari tikungan menyebabkan gaya lateral menurun. Penyimpangan dari balanced speed meningkatkan kontak antara flens roda dan rel sehingga mempercepat keausan. Oleh karena itu, penentuan kecepatan operasi yang sesuai dengan karakteristik geometri lintasan, khususnya jari-jari tikungan dan peninggian rel (cant), penting untuk meminimalkan keausan flens roda.

The increasing capacity of coal transportation in South Sumatra has led to higher wagon operating intensity, which may accelerate wheel flange wear. However, the wear rate cannot yet be accurately predicted, making maintenance planning and wheel replacement more difficult. This study aims to determine the wheel flange wear rate of 50-ton coal wagons operating on the South Sumatra railway line using Multibody Dynamics simulation and to analyze the effects of track geometry and operating speed on wheel wear. The simulation was performed using Universal Mechanism with the Archard wear model, considering speed, track geometry, friction coefficient, wear coefficient, and track irregularities. The results indicate an average wheel flange wear rate of 0.2421 mm/month, with a deviation of 7.02% from the reference value of 0.2263 mm/month, demonstrating that the simulation can adequately represent actual operating conditions. In addition, the leading wheel experiences higher wear than the trailing wheel due to greater guiding forces and flange contact. The analysis also shows that increasing operating speed increases lateral force, whereas increasing the curve radius reduces it. Deviations from the balanced speed increase the contact between the wheel flange and the rail, thereby accelerating wear. Therefore, selecting an operating speed that matches track geometry, particularly curve radius and rail cant, is essential for minimizing wheel flange wear.

Kata Kunci : Laju Keausan Roda, Multibody Dynamics, Universal Mechanism, Interaksi Roda dan Rel, Gerbong Batu Bara Kapasitas 50 Ton.