SINTESIS ALUMINA TERAKTIVASI MELALUI REKAYASA SOL-GEL DAN IMPREGNASI Na UNTUK ADSORPSI SENYAWA ORGANOKLORIN DARI UMPAN NAFTA

Eky Ristia Fardani, Prof. Indriana Kartini, S.Si., M.Si., Ph.D.; Tommy Rinanto Suhadi, S.Si.

2026 | Skripsi | KIMIA

Alumina teraktivasi berbasis ?-Al?O? merupakan material yang banyak digunakan sebagai adsorben karena memiliki luas permukaan tinggi, struktur pori mesopori, serta stabilitas termal yang baik. Pada industri pengolahan nafta, alumina teraktivasi berpotensi digunakan sebagai adsorben senyawa organoklorin yang dapat menyebabkan korosi, deaktivasi katalis, dan penurunan kualitas produk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis alumina teraktivasi melalui metode sol-gel dengan variasi suhu kalsinasi dan impregnasi natrium, serta mengkaji potensi material sintesis sebagai adsorben senyawa organoklorin melalui uji awal adsorpsi untuk mendukung aplikasi pada proses pengolahan nafta.

Sintesis  ?-Al?O? dilakukan menggunakan prekursor boehmite melalui metode sol-gel dengan variasi suhu kalsinasi 500, 600, dan 700 °C. Material hasil sintesis kemudian dimodifikasi menggunakan natrium nitrat melalui metode incipient wetness impregnation dengan variasi kadar Na sebesar 0,2; 0,4; dan 0,6% (b/b). Karakterisasi adsorben dilakukan menggunakan XRD, SAA, TPD-NH? , dan FTIR-ATR. Uji adsorpsi menggunakan umpan model diklorometana dalam minyak parafin melalui sistem refluks pada suhu 70 °C selama 4 jam.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan suhu kalsinasi memengaruhi kristalinitas, porositas, dan sifat permukaan ?-Al?O?. Modifikasi Na berhasil dilakukan dan memengaruhi sifat asam-basa permukaan adsorben. Penambahan Na meningkatkan sifat basa permukaan. Adsorben ?-Al?O?-Na 700 °C dengan kadar Na 0,6% (b/b) menunjukkan performa adsorpsi terbaik dengan kandungan Cl teradsorpsi tertinggi sebesar 0,030% (b/b) (300 ppm) karena ketersediaan diameter pori lebar (11,99 nm) dan kuatnya interaksi elektrostatik permukaan. Kombinasi metode sol-gel, suhu kalsinasi, dan impregnasi Na terbukti efektif mengoptimalkan karakteristik fisikokimia alumina untuk adsorpsi organoklorin.

Activated alumina based on ?-Al?O? is a material widely used as an adsorbent due to its high surface area, mesoporous pore structure, and good thermal stability. In the naphtha processing industry, activated alumina has the potential to be used as an adsorbent for organochlorine compounds, which can cause corrosion, catalyst deactivation, and product quality degradation. This study aimed to synthesize activated alumina using the sol-gel method with varying calcination temperatures and sodium (Na) impregnation. The aim was to assess the potential of the synthetic material as an adsorbent for chlorinated compounds through preliminary adsorption tests to support its application in the naphtha processing process.

The synthesis of ?-Al?O? was carried out using boehmite as a precursor using the sol-gel method with varying calcination temperatures of 500, 600, and 700 °C. The synthesized material was then modified using sodium nitrate through the incipient wetness impregnation method with varying Na content of 0.2; 0.4; and 0.6% (b/b). Adsorbent characterization was performed using XRD, SAA, TPD-NH?, and FTIR-ATR. The adsorption test used a model feedstock of dichloromethane in paraffin oil through a reflux system at 70 °C for 4 hours.

The results showed that increasing the calcination temperature affected the crystallinity, porosity, and surface properties of ?-Al?O?-Na modification was successful and affected the acid-base properties of the adsorbent surface. The addition of Na increases the basic properties of the surface. The ?-Al?O?-Na adsorbent at 700 °C with a Na content of 0.6% (b/b) showed the best adsorption performance with the highest adsorbed Cl content of 0.030% (300 ppm) due to the availability of a wide pore diameter (11.99 nm) and strong surface electrostatic interactions. The combination of the sol-gel method, calcination temperature, and Na impregnation proved effective in optimizing the physicochemical characteristics of alumina for organochlorine adsorption

Kata Kunci : adsorpsi organoklorin, alumina teraktivasi, impregnasi natrium