EVALUASI PENERAPAN IRIGASI SPRINKLER MELALUI ANALISIS HIDRAULIK DAN KESERAGAMAN DI LAHAN PERTANIAN PESISIR PANTAI GLAGAH KULON PROGO
Devi Ramdani, Dr. Ir. Murtiningrum, S.T.P., M.Eng., IPM., ASEAN Eng.; Ir. Andri Prima Nugroho, S.T.P., M.Sc., Ph.D., IPU., ASEAN Eng., APEC Eng.
2026 | Skripsi | TEKNIK PERTANIAN
Peningkatan kebutuhan efisiensi penggunaan
air pada lahan pertanian pesisir mendorong pengembangan sistem irigasi yang
mampu mendistribusikan air secara merata pada kondisi lingkungan dengan kemampuan
menahan air yang rendah. Namun, implementasi sistem irigasi Sprinkler seringkali
menunjukkan performa yang belum optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi
karakteristik hidraulik serta keseragaman distribusi air pada sistem irigasi Sprinkler
di lahan pertanian pesisir. Metode penelitian meliputi pengujian laboratorium,
simulasi hidraulik jaringan menggunakan QGISRed, analisis keseragaman
berdasarkan Christiansen Uniformity (CU), serta pengembangan rekomendasi
jaringan optimal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan tekanan
operasi dari 2,11 m menjadi 3,52 m meningkatkan nilai CU dari 77,93% menjadi
92,81%. Simulasi jaringan menunjukkan masih terdapat beberapa node Sprinkler
pada bagian hilir yang berada di bawah tekanan minimum akibat meningkatnya
kehilangan energi (head loss) sepanjang lateral sehingga distribusi air
menjadi kurang merata. Analisis heatmap menunjukkan variasi distribusi
aplikasi air berkisar antara 1 x 10 -3 mm
hingga lebih dari 4,9 x 10 -3 mm selama waktu operasi 8
menit. Hasil simulasi rekomendasi jaringan menunjukkan bahwa konfigurasi 14 Sprinkler
dan 15 Sprinkler dengan penempatan sumber air di bagian tengah lateral
mampu menghasilkan distribusi tekanan yang lebih stabil dan merata dibandingkan
konfigurasi lainnya, sehingga faktor hidraulik menjadi aspek penting dalam
perancangan sistem irigasi Sprinkler di lahan pertanian pesisir.
The increasing need for efficient water use in coastal agricultural land
has encouraged the development of irrigation systems capable of distributing
water uniformly under soil conditions with low water-holding capacity. However,
the implementation of sprinkler irrigation systems often demonstrates
suboptimal performance. This study aimed to evaluate the hydraulic
characteristics and water distribution Christiansen Uniformity of sprinkler
irrigation system in coastal agricultural land. The research methods included
laboratory testing, hydraulic network simulation using QGISRed, water
distribution analysis based on Christiansen Uniformity (CU), and the
development of optimal network recommendations. The results showed that
increasing the operating pressure from 2.11 m to 3.52 m improved the CU value
from 77.93% to 92.81%. Network simulations indicated that several downstream sprinkler
nodes remained below the minimum required pressure due to increasing head loss
along the lateral pipes, resulting in less uniform water distribution. Heatmap
analysis revealed variations in water application distribution ranging from 1 x
10 -3 mm to more than 4,9 x 10-3 mm during an 8 minute operating period. The
recommended network simulation results demonstrated that configurations with 14
and 15 sprinklers, with the water source positioned at the center of the
lateral pipe, produced a more stable and uniform pressure distribution compared
to other configurations. Therefore, hydraulic factors play a crucial role in
the design of sprinkler irrigation systems for coastal agricultural land.
Kata Kunci : Christiansen Uniformity, irigasi sprinkler, karakteristik hidraulik, keseragaman distribusi, lahan pesisir
