Efek Suplemen X Terhadap Aktivitas Fagositosis Makrofag dan Produksi Nitric Oxide Tikus Jantan Galur Sprague-Dawley Pada Model Imunisasi Tetanus

Muhammad Mumtaz Fathurrahman, drh. Retno Murwanti, M.P., Ph.D. ; apt. Sisca Ucche, M.Pharm.Sc., PhD.

2026 | Skripsi | FARMASI

Sistem imun bawaan memainkan peran kunci dalam pertahanan tubuh terhadap infeksi, di mana makrofag dan produksi nitric oxide (NO) menjadi komponen utama. Suplemen X diklaim memiliki efek imunomodulator, namun bukti in vivo mengenai pengaruhnya terhadap fagositosis makrofag dan produksi NO masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai pengaruh pemberian Suplemen X terhadap aktivitas fagositosis makrofag dan produksi NO pada tikus Sprague-Dawley jantan yang diinduksi vaksin Tetanus Toxoid.

Penelitian eksperimental in vivo menggunakan 36 ekor tikus Sprague-Dawley jantan yang dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok perlakuan yaitu kontrol normal, kontrol vaksin, kontrol positif, dan 3 dosis Suplemen X. Perlakuan diberikan secara oral selama 38 hari dengan vaksin TT diberikan pada hari 0, 14, dan 28. Makrofag peritoneal diisolasi dan diuji fagositosis menggunakan microscopic assay dengan latex beads dan pewarna giemsa sedangkan produksi NO diukur dengan Griess assay. Aktivitas fagositosis makrofag dihitung dengan menggunakan indeks fagositosis dan kapasitas fagositosis sedangkan nilai produksi NO dilihat dari nilai absorbansi yang didapat. Normalitas data diuji dengan menggunakan uji Shapiro-Wilk lalu dianalisis dengan One-Way ANOVA atau Kruskal-Wallis serta uji post hoc dengan taraf kepercayaan 95% (p < 0>

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian Suplemen X pada ketiga tingkat dosis (14,76; 29,52; dan 44,28 mg/200 g BB) mampu meningkatkan kapasitas fagositosis hingga 43-45%, indeks fagositosis hingga 1,6-1,8 dan produksi NO hingga 34,52 ?M, dengan peningkatan indeks fagositosis yang terjadi secara spesifik pada kelompok dosis terendah. Kesimpulannya, Suplemen X terbukti memiliki efek imunostimulan dalam meningkatkan respons imunitas bawaan melalui peningkatan aktivitas fagositosis makrofag dan produksi oksida nitrat (NO). 

The innate immune system plays a central role in defending the body against infection, with macrophages and nitric oxide (NO) production serving as key components. Supplement X is claimed to exert immunomodulatory effects; however, in vivo evidence on its influence on macrophage phagocytosis and NO production is still limited. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Supplement X administration on macrophage phagocytic activity and NO production in male Sprague-Dawley rats immunized with Tetanus Toxoid.

This in vivo experimental study involved 36 male Sprague-Dawley rats randomly assigned to six treatment groups: normal control, vaccine control, positive control, and three dose levels of Supplement X. Treatments were administered orally for 38 days, and Tetanus Toxoid vaccine was given on days 0, 14, and 28. Peritoneal macrophages were isolated and assessed for phagocytic activity using a microscopic assay with latex beads and Giemsa staining, while NO production was measured by the Griess assay. Macrophage phagocytic activity was quantified using the phagocytic index and phagocytic capacity; NO production was evaluated from absorbance readings. Data normality was examined with the Shapiro–Wilk test, followed by One-Way ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis tests and appropriate post hoc analyses.

The results of the study showed that administration of Supplement X at all three dose levels (14.76; 29.52; and 44.28 mg/200 g body weight) was able to increase phagocytic capacity by up to 43–45%, the phagocytic index by up to 1.6–1.8, and NO production by up to 34.52 ?M, with the increase in the phagocytic index occurring specifically in the lowest dose group. In conclusion, Supplement X was shown to have a strong immunostimulatory effect in enhancing the innate immune response through increased macrophage phagocytic activity and nitric oxide (NO) production.  

Kata Kunci : Imunomodulator, Fagositosis makrofag, Produksi NO, Suplemen X