Profil Metabolit dan Uji Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Houttuynia cordata Thunb.

Niken Al Nibras, Prof. Dr. L. Hartanto Nugroho, M.Agr.

2026 | Skripsi | BIOLOGI

Houttuynia cordata Thunb. atau Amis-amisan merupakan tanaman obat yang tersebar luas di Asia Timur dan Asia Tenggara serta secara tradisional khususnya bagian daun telah digunakan sebagai obat demam, antiasma, antiradang, dan antibakteri. Daunnya juga sering diperjualbelikan meskipun berasal dari sumber liar atau bukan budidaya. Oleh karena itu, dalam penelitian ini dilakukan maserasi ekstrak n-heksana, uji fitokimia, dan bioaktvitas sampel budidaya dan komersial untuk mengetahui profil metabolit dan sifat antibakteri keduanya. Uji dilakukan dengan metode GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) dan Kirby-Bauer atau teknik difusi cakram dengan eksperimental laboratorium dan rancangan acak lengkap yang dilaksanakan di Green House Karanggayam, Lab. ST, Lab. Biokimia, Lab. Kimia MIPA, dan Lab. Mikrobiologi UGM. Uji bioaktivitas antibakteri dilakukan beberapa tingkat konsentrasi (0%, 10%, 20%, dan 30%) terhadap pertumbuhan koloni bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus pada medium nutrient agar (NA). Hasil pengamatan GC-MS dilihat dari puncak kromatogram, puncak spektrometri massa, dan hasil berat molekul senyawa bioaktif, sedangkan hasil uji difusi dilakukan pengamatan dari diameter zona hambatan berupa zona bening di sekitar cakram disk ekstrak n-heksana pada medium pertumbuhan. Data hasil GC-MS dilakukan analisis dengan identifikasi puncak kromatogram dengan database WILEY dan NIST sedangkan signifikansi diameter zona hambatan dianalisis dengan perhitungan Two-Way ANOVA. Hasil yang didapatkan dari penelitian ini yakni profil metabolit sampel budidaya dan sample komersial hanya memiliki sedikit kemiripan namun secara umum didominasi oleh kandungan senyawa hidrofobik terutama steroid fitosterol, metabolit sekunder berupa triterpenoid dan terpenoid, serta alkana kutikular. Hasil uji bioaktivitas antibakteri pada E. coli dinyatakan ada signifikansi interaksi sedangkan S. aureus dinyatakan signifikan namun tidak ada interaksi.

Houttuynia cordata Thunb. or Amis-amisan is a medicinal plant widely distributed in East and Southeast Asia and traditionally, especially the leaves have been used as a medicine for fever, anti-asthma, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial. The leaves are also often traded even though they come from wild or non-cultivated sources. Therefore, in this study, maceration of n-hexane extract, phytochemical tests, and bioactivity of cultivated and commercial samples were carried out to determine the metabolite profile and antibacterial properties of both. The test was carried out using the GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) and Kirby-Bauer or disc diffusion techniques with laboratory experiments and a completely randomized design carried out at the Karanggayam Green House, ST Lab., Biochemistry Lab., Chemistry Lab. MIPA, and Microbiology Lab. UGM. Antibacterial bioactivity tests were carried out at several concentration levels (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%) against the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacterial colonies on nutrient agar (NA) medium. The results of GC-MS observations were seen from the chromatogram peak, mass spectrometry peak, and the results of the molecular weight of bioactive compounds, while the results of the diffusion test were observed from the diameter of the inhibition zone in the form of a clear zone around the n-hexane extract disc in the growth medium. GC-MS data were analyzed by identifying the chromatogram peak with the WILEY and NIST databases while the significance of the inhibition zone diameter was analyzed by calculating Two-Way ANOVA. The results obtained from this study were that the metabolite profiles of cultivated samples and commercial samples had only slight similarities but were generally dominated by the content of hydrophobic compounds, especially phytosterol steroids, secondary metabolites in the form of triterpenoids and terpenoids, and cuticular alkanes. The results of the antibacterial bioactivity test on E. coli stated that there was a significant interaction while S. aureus was stated to be significant but there was no interaction.

Kata Kunci : Ekstrak N-Heksana, GC-MS, Houttuynia cordata Thunb., Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus