Preparasi Katakis Bifungsional CaO/Gamma-Al2O3-SO4 Untuk Konversi Minyak Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) Menjadi Biodiesel
Ulfah Zain Latifah, Prof. Dr. Triyono, S.U.; Prof. Dra. Wega Trisunaryanti, M.S., Ph.D., Eng.
2026 | Skripsi | KIMIA
Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan katalis heterogen bifungsional
CaO/?-Al2O3-SO4 untuk konversi
minyak nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) menjadi biodiesel
melalui reaksi simultan esterifikasi-transesterifikasi. Katalis disintesis
melalui proses sulfatasi ?-Al2O3 menggunakan metode
sonikasi, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan impregnasi CaO pada material penyangga
tersulfatasi. Karakterisasi katalis dilakukan menggunakan XRD, FTIR, NH3-TPD,
CO2-TPD, SAA, dan SEM-EDX. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan bahwa
katalis CaO/AlS (7 M) memiliki distribusi situs asam dan basa dengan nilai
keasaman total sebesar 1,820 mmol g-1 NH3 dan kebasaan
total sebesar 0,813 mmol g-1 CO2, yang mengindikasikan
terbentuknya sifat bifungsional. Selain itu, aktivitas katalitiknya tertinggi
dibandingkan material modifikasi CaO lainnya, menghasilkan yield
biodiesel sebesar 68,1% pada kondisi reaksi yang sama.
Optimasi kondisi reaksi dilakukan menggunakan RSM berbasis CCD berhasil dilakukan. Kondisi optimum diperoleh pada waktu reaksi 6,83 jam, konsentrasi katalis 5,66%, dan rasio mol metanol:minyak 9:1 dengan yield biodiesel sebesar 71,40%. Uji reusabilitas menunjukkan katalis mampu mempertahankan aktivitas katalitiknya hingga tiga siklus dengan yield biodiesel sebesar 43,58 % pada siklus ketiga. Katalis bifungsional CaO/AlS (7 M) memiliki potensi dalam produksi biodiesel berbasis minyak non-pangan sehingga mendukung pengembangan proses produksi biodiesel yang lebih efisien, berkelanjutan, dan ramah lingkungan.
This research aimed to develop a
bifunctional heterogeneous CaO/?-Al2O3-SO4
catalyst for the conversion of nyamplung oil (Calophyllum inophyllum L.)
into biodiesel through simultaneous esterification–transesterification
reactions. The catalyst was synthesized via sulfation of ?-Al2O3
using a sonication method, followed by CaO impregnation onto the sulfated
support material. Catalyst characterization was carried out using XRD, FTIR, NH3-TPD,
CO2-TPD, SAA, and
SEM-EDX analyses. The characterization results revealed that the CaO/AlS (7 M)
catalyst exhibited the presence of both acidic and basic active sites with a total acidity of 1.820 mmol g-1
NH3 and a total
basicity of 0.813 mmol g-1 CO2, indicating the successful
formation of bifunctional properties. In addition, the catalyst demonstrated
the highest catalytic activity among other CaO-modified materials, producing a
biodiesel yield of 68.1% under the same reaction conditions. Optimization of the reaction conditions
was successfully performed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on
Central Composite Design (CCD). The optimum conditions were obtained at a
reaction time of 6.83 h, catalyst concentration of 5.66%, and methanol-to-oil molar ratio of
9:1, resulting in a biodiesel yield of 71.40%. Reusability evaluation showed
that the catalyst maintained its catalytic performance for up to three cycles,
with a biodiesel yield of 43.58 % in the third cycle. The bifunctional CaO/AlS
(7 M) catalyst demonstrated considerable potential for biodiesel production
from non-edible oil feedstocks, thereby supporting the development of more
efficient, sustainable, and environmentally
friendly biodiesel production processes.
Kata Kunci : biodiesel, minyak nyamplung, ?-alumina tersulfatasi, reaksi one-pot, katalis bifungsional.
