Karakterisasi Pertumbuhan dan Profil Metabolit Kalus Okra Ungu (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench ‘ZAHIRA IPB’)

Ferdinan Florian, Woro Anindito Sri Tunjung, S.Si., M.Sc., Ph.D.

2026 | Skripsi | BIOLOGI

Terapi berbasis tumbuhan terus dikembangkan sebagai alternatif yang lebih aman dan ekonomis untuk pencegahan maupun pengobatan berbagai penyakit. Salah satu tanaman yang berpotensi tinggi adalah okra ungu (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench ‘ZAHIRA IPB’), yang kaya akan senyawa bioaktif, terutama senyawa fenolik, sehingga memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dan potensi farmakologis yang menjanjikan. Namun, produksi senyawa bioaktif melalui budidaya konvensional masih dipengaruhi oleh variasi lingkungan sehingga kurang konsisten, sementara karakter metabolit dan potensi bioaktivitas kalus dari eksplan daun okra ungu masih belum banyak dilaporkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengarakterisasi pertumbuhan dan morfologi kalus dari eksplan daun A. esculentus var. ‘ZAHIRA IPB’, menganalisis profil metabolitnya dengan untargeted LC-HRMS (Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry), serta mengevaluasi jalur metabolisme dan potensi farmakologisnya melalui analisis in silico. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kalus mengikuti pola pertumbuhan sigmoid dan belum memasuki fase stasioner hingga hari ke-50 kultur. Kalus berumur 30 hari merupakan fase pertumbuhan yang representatif, dengan karakter tekstur friable-compact dan warna Light Yellow-Green (145 B), serta menghasilkan profil metabolit yang didominasi oleh golongan asam amino, asam lemak, dan alkaloid dengan kelimpahan relatif masing-masing sebesar 74,93%, 11,77%, dan 7,05%, serta disertai beragam golongan metabolit lainnya. Integrasi analisis metabolomik dan in silico menunjukkan bahwa metabolit yang terdeteksi berasosiasi dengan jalur biosintesis fenilalanin serta diprediksi memiliki aktivitas antiseborrheic, fibrinolytic, antieczematic, antiviral (Picornavirus), dan antihypoxic.

Plant-based therapies continue to be developed as safer and more economical alternatives for the prevention and treatment of various diseases. One plant with significant potential is the purple okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench ‘ZAHIRA IPB’), which is rich in bioactive compounds, particularly phenolics, endowing it with promising antioxidant activity and pharmacological potential. However, the production of bioactive compounds through conventional cultivation is susceptible to environmental variations, resulting in inconsistent yields, whereas the metabolite characteristics and bioactivity potential of callus derived from purple okra leaf explants remain largely unexplored. This study aimed to characterize the growth and morphology of callus induced from A. esculentus var. ‘ZAHIRA IPB’ leaf explants, analyze its metabolite profile using untargeted LC-HRMS (Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry), and evaluate its metabolic pathways and pharmacological potential through in silico analysis. The results demonstrated that the callus followed a sigmoidal growth pattern and had not reached the stationary phase by day 50 of culture. The 30-day-old callus represented the most representative growth phase, characterized by a friable-compact texture and a Light Yellow-Green (145 B) color, yielding a metabolite profile dominated by amino acids, fatty acids, and alkaloids with relative abundances of 74.93%, 11.77%, and 7.05%, respectively, alongside various other metabolite classes. The integration of metabolomic and in silico analyses revealed that the detected metabolites were associated with the phenylalanine biosynthesis pathway and were predicted to exhibit antiseborrheic, fibrinolytic, antieczematic, antiviral (Picornavirus), and antihypoxic activities.

Kata Kunci : Abelmoschus esculentus, kultur kalus, LC-HRMS, prediksi metabolit