Karakterisasi Resistensi Antibiotik Bakteri Staphylococcus sp. yang Diisolasi Dari Limbah Cair Rumah Potong Hewan Ruminansia di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

Khalisha Keiko Sentanu, drh. Heru Susetya, M.P., Ph.D

2026 | Skripsi | KEDOKTERAN HEWAN

Resistensi antimikroba merupakan permasalahan kesehatan global yang dapat diperparah oleh pelepasan bakteri resisten antibiotik melalui limbah cair rumah potong hewan (RPH). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi dan karakterisasi resistensi antibiotik bakteri Staphylococcus sp. yang diisolasi dari limbah cair RPH ruminansia di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Sampel limbah cair diambil dari tiga RPH, yaitu RPH Giwangan, Mancasan, dan Kentungan pada beberapa titik pengolahan limbah. Isolasi bakteri dilakukan menggunakan media Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) dan Blood Agar, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan identifikasi berdasarkan morfologi koloni, pewarnaan Gram, uji katalase, koagulase, Methyl Red (MR), Voges-Proskauer (VP), dan motilitas. Uji sensitivitas antibiotik dilakukan menggunakan metode difusi cakram Kirby-Bauer terhadap lima antibiotik, yaitu enrofloxacin, nalidixic acid, amoxicillin, erythromycin, dan doxycycline. Sebanyak 15 isolat Staphylococcus sp. berhasil diidentifikasi dari 83 isolat awal. Distribusi isolat terbanyak ditemukan pada titik inlet chamber (73,4%), diikuti treatment chamber (13,3%), infiltration basin (6,7%), dan effluent (6,7%). Hasil uji sensitivitas menunjukkan seluruh isolat resisten terhadap amoxicillin (100%), diikuti erythromycin (93,3%), nalidixic acid (60%), doxycycline (46,6%), dan enrofloxacin (26,7%). Sebanyak 8 dari 15 isolat (53,3%) memenuhi kriteria multidrug resistance (MDR). Pola MDR yang paling dominan adalah kombinasi resistensi terhadap amoxicillin, erythromycin, dan doxycycline. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian limbah cair RPH ruminansia di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta mengandung Staphylococcus sp. dengan tingkat resistensi antibiotik dan prevalensi MDR yang tinggi, sehingga berpotensi menjadi sumber penyebaran bakteri resisten antibiotik ke lingkungan.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health concern that can be exacerbated by the release of antibiotic-resistant bacteria through slaughterhouse wastewater. This study aimed to determine the distribution and characterize the antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus sp. isolated from ruminant slaughterhouse wastewater in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Wastewater samples were collected from three slaughterhouses (Giwangan, Mancasan, and Kentungan) at several wastewater treatment points. Bacterial isolation was performed using Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) and Blood Agar, followed by identification based on colony morphology, Gram staining, and biochemical tests including catalase, coagulase, Methyl Red (MR), Voges-Proskauer (VP), and motility tests. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was conducted using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method against five antibiotics: enrofloxacin, nalidixic acid, amoxicillin, erythromycin, and doxycycline. A total of 15 Staphylococcus sp. isolates were successfully identified from 83 presumptive isolates. The highest distribution of isolates was found in the inlet chamber (73.4%), followed by the treatment chamber (13.3%), infiltration basin (6.7%), and effluent (6.7%). Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed that all isolates were resistant to amoxicillin (100%), followed by erythromycin (93.3%), nalidixic acid (60%), doxycycline (46.7%), and enrofloxacin (26.7%). A total of 8 out of 15 isolates (53,3%) were classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR). The most common MDR pattern was resistance to amoxicillin, erythromycin, and doxycycline. In conclusion, slaughterhouse wastewater in the Special Region of Yogyakarta contains Staphylococcus sp. with a high level of antibiotic resistance and MDR prevalence, indicating its potential as a reservoir for the dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria into the environment.

Kata Kunci : limbah cair, multidrug resistance, resistensi antibiotik, rumah potong hewan, Staphylococcus sp.