Gambaran Klinis Kucing Rhinitis dan Identifikasi Agen Penyebabnya

Fadilah Keysha Azizah, Prof. Dr. drh. Soedarmanto Indarjulianto

2026 | Skripsi | KEDOKTERAN HEWAN

Rhinitis merupakan peradangan pada mukosa rongga hidung yang termasuk dalam gangguan saluran respirasi bagian atas, terutama melibatkan rongga nasal dan nasofaring pada kucing. Dalam praktik klinis, kasus rhinitis seringkali hanya ditangani berdasarkan gejala klinis tanpa disertai identifikasi agen penyebab secara laboratoris. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran klinis kucing penderita rhinitis dan mengidentifikasi agen penyebabnya. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 21 ekor kucing yang didiagnosis rhinitis di Klinik Hewan Kuningan, Departemen IPD FKH UGM dan Klinik Hewan Bhumi Pet Care, Sleman, D.I. Yogyakarta. Semua kucing diperiksa secara fisik dan diambil swab hidung untuk diidentifikasi bakterinya pada media Nutrient Agar (NA) (n=10) dan Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) (n=18) serta kultur fungi pada media Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) (n=10), dilanjutkan dengan pengecatan Gram dan pengecatan lactophenol cotton blue. Data penelitian yang didapatkan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil pemeriksaan klinis menunjukkan gejala klinis kucing rhinitis terbanyak berupa kombinasi leleran hidung dengan batuk/bersin (33,3%) dan kombinasi batuk/bersin, leleran hidung, serta limfadenopati submandibular (33,3%). Sebanyak 8 ekor (38,1%) kucing mengalami demam dengan rentang suhu diatas 39,2°C hingga 40,7°C. Kucing jantan mendominasi kasus (71,4%) dan sebagian besar belum divaksinasi (95,2%). Hasil pemeriksaan kultur bakteri menunjukkan pertumbuhan koloni pada semua 10 sampel pada media NA dan 18 sampel pada media MSA. Pengecatan Gram terhadap 12 sampel yang tumbuh pada NA/MSA didapatkan gambaran mikroskopis Gram positif, berwarna ungu, bentuk bakteri kokus bergerombol, sehingga diidentifikasi Staphylococcus sp. Hasil identifikasi fungi menunjukkan semua 10 sampel tumbuh pada media SDA dan pengecatan lactophenol cotton blue pada 9 sampel menunjukkan ciri-ciri yang mengarah ke Aspergillus sp. Disimpulkan bahwa gejala klinis utama rhinitis kucing adalah adanya leleran hidung, batuk/bersin, dan limfadenopati submandibular, serta Staphylococcus sp. dan Aspergillus sp. dapat diidentifikasi dari sebagian besar swab hidung kucing rhinitis yang diperiksa.

Rhinitis is an inflammation of the nasal mucosa classified under upper respiratory tract disorders, primarily affecting the nasal cavity and nasopharynx in cats. In clinical practice, rhinitis cases are frequently managed solely based on clinical signs without laboratory identification of the causative agents. This study aimed to describe the clinical signs of cats with rhinitis and to identify the causative agents. The study was conducted on 21 cats diagnosed with rhinitis at the Kuningan Animal Clinic, Department of IPD FKH UGM, and Bhumi Pet Care Veterinary Clinic, Sleman, Special Region of Yogyakarta. All cats underwent physical examination, and nasal swabs were collected for bacterial identification using Nutrient Agar (NA) (n= 10) and Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) (n= 18), as well as fungal culture on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) (n= 10), followed by Gram staining and lactophenol cotton blue staining. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively. The results of the clinical examination showed that the most common clinical presentations were a combination of nasal discharge with coughing/sneezing (33.3%) and a combination of coughing/sneezing, nasal discharge, and submandibular lymphadenopathy (33.3%). A total of 8 cats (38.1%) exhibited fever ranging from above 39.2°C to 40.7°C. Male cats represented the majority of cases (71.4%), and most had not been vaccinated (95.2%). Bacterial culture results showed colony growth in all 10 samples on NA and all 18 samples on MSA. Gram staining performed on the 12 samples grown on NA/MSA yielded purple, Gram-positive cocci arranged in clusters under microscopic evaluation, indicating the presence of Staphylococcus sp. Fungal identification showed colony growth in all 10 samples on SDA media, and lactophenol cotton blue staining on 9 samples demonstrated microscopic characteristics consistent with Aspergillus sp. It is concluded that the primary clinical signs of feline rhinitis are the presence of nasal discharge, coughing/sneezing, and submandibular lymphadenopathy, and that Staphylococcus sp. and Aspergillus sp. were identified from the majority of the examined feline rhinitis nasal swabs. 

Kata Kunci : Diagnosa, Kucing, Kultur, Nasal swab, Rhinitis