Prarancangan Pabrik Asam Fenil Asetat dari Benzil Klorida dan NaCN dengan Kapasitas 4.000 Ton/Tahun

Eben Haezer Surya Maskilo, Prof. Ir. Rochmadi, S.U., Ph.D., IPU, ASEAN Eng.

2026 | Skripsi | TEKNIK KIMIA

Pabrik asam fenil asetat dari benzil klorida dan NaCN dengan kapasitas 4.000 ton/tahun yang beroperasi secara kontinyu selama 330 hari/tahun dan 24 jam/hari. Target produksi bisa tercapai dengan bahan baku benzil klorida sebesar 34,4192 kg/jam; NaCN sebesar 26,9969 kg/jam; H2SO4 sebesar 429,9543 kg/jam; dan air bahan baku 272,1548 kg/jam. Pabrik tersebut akan didirikan di Kecamatan Manyar, Kabupaten Gresik, Jawa Timur pada tahun 2026.

Proses produksi dimulai dengan proses reaksi hidrolisis benzil klorida (C6H5CH2Cl) dengan natrium sianida (NaCN) reaksi cair-cair dengan dua fase (fase oragnik dan fase anorganik) menghasilkan produk benzil sianida (C6H5CH2CN) dan natrium klorid (NaCl) pada reaktor hidrolisis jenis mixed flow reactor menggunakan reaktor alir tangki berpengaduk yang disusun secara seri sebanyak empat (4) unit agar reaktor tersebut menyerupai reaktor jenis plug flow reactor. Kondisi operasi pada masing-masing reaktor dengan suhu optimum reaksi 100°C dengan tekanan operasi sebesar 1,5 atm. Konversi yang dicapai dari arus keluar reaktor terakhir pada reaksi ini sebesar 90% terhadap NaCN. Selanjutnya, reaksi hidrolisis kedua terjadi pada reaktor hidrolisis dengan jenis dan kondisi operasi yang sama serta disusun seri sebanyak empat (4) unit. Reaksi kedua terjadi antara benzil sianida (C6H5CH2CN) dengan asam sulfat (H2SO4) dan air menghasilkan produk utama asam fenil asetat (C6H5CH2CN) dan ammonium sulfat ((NH4)2SO4) sebagai by-product (produk samping). Konversi yang dihasilkan dari reaksi hidrolisis pada arus keluaran reaktor paling akhir sebesar 80% terhadap benzil sianida dengan kemurnian produk asam fenilt asetat sebesar 99%.

Proses produksi asam fenil asetat didukung dengan komponen penunjang proses yang dihasilkan dari unit utilitas. Komponen tersebut adalah air bahan baku reaksi sebesar 272,1548 kg/jam; air pendingin (cooling water) sebesar 46916,72 kg/jam; saturated steam sebanyak 3811,23 kg/jam; bahan bakar boiler berupa HVO100 sebanyak 101,68 kg/jam; dan listrik sebesar 5103,08 kWh.

Pabrik asam fenil asetat direncanakan akan didirikan di Kabupaten Gresik, Jawa Timur dengan luas lahan sebesar 8,36 hektar serte mempekerjakan 232 karyawan. Pembangungan pabrik asam fenil asetat diperkirakan memerlukan biaya investasi berupa fixed capital sebesar US$ 53.887.015 (Rp842.847.346.359); manufactoring cost sebesar US$23.088.145; working capital sebesar US$ 20.379.985 (Rp318.763.547.996); dan general expenses sebesar US$ 96.904.704. Secara evaluasi ekonomi, pabik asam fenil asetat tergolong pabrik low risk dengan nilai ROIbefore tax sebesar 24,72%; ROIafter tax sebesar 18,54%; POTbefore tax sebesar 1,39 tahun; POTafter tax sebesar 1,77 tahun; harga BEP 53.03%; harga SDP 43,80%; dan DCFRR sebesar 26,67%. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi ekonomi, pabrik asam fenil asetat dari benzil klorida dan NaCN layak untuk didirikan dan dikaji lebih lanjut.

Phenyl acetic acid factory from benzyl chloride and NaCN with a capacity of 4,000 tons/year which operates continuously for 330 days/year and 24 hours/day. The production target can be achieved with benzyl chloride raw material of 34.4192 kg/hour; NaCN of 26.9969 kg/hour; H2SO4 of 429.9543 kg/hour; and raw material water 272.1548 kg/hour. The factory will be established in Manyar District, Gresik Regency, East Java in 2026 The production process begins with the hydrolysis reaction process of benzyl chloride (C6H5CH2Cl) with sodium cyanide (NaCN), a liquid-liquid reaction with two phases (organic phase and inorganic phase) producing benzyl cyanide (C6H5CH2CN) and sodium chloride (NaCl) in a mixed type hydrolysis reactor. The flow reactor uses a stirred tank flow reactor arranged in series of four (4) units so that the reactor resembles a plug flow reactor type reactor. Operating conditions in each reactor are with an optimum reaction temperature of 100°C with an operating pressure of 1.5 atm. The conversion achieved from the final reactor outflow in this reaction was 90% towards NaCN. Next, the second hydrolysis reaction occurs in a hydrolysis reactor with the same type and operating conditions and arranged in a series of four (4) units. The second reaction occurs between benzyl cyanide (C6H5CH2CN) with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and water producing the main product phenyl acetic acid (C6H5CH2CN) and ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) as a by-product (side product). The conversion resulting from the hydrolysis reaction in the final reactor output stream was 80% for benzyl cyanide with a purity of phenyl acetic acid product of 99%. Phenyl acetic acid production process is supported by process supporting components produced from the utility unit. These components are reaction raw material water amounting to 272.1548 kg/hour; cooling water of 46916.72 kg/hour; saturated steam of 3811.23 kg/hour; boiler fuel in the form of HVO100 as much as 101.68 kg/hour; and electricity of 5103.08 kWh. phenyl acetic acid factory is planned to be established in Gresik Regency, East Java with a land area of 8.36 hectares and employing 232 employees. The construction of a phenyl acetic acid factory is estimated to require investment costs in the form of fixed capital of US$ 53,887,015 (Rp842.847.346.359); manufacturing cost of US$23,088,145; working capital of US$ 20,379,985 (Rp318.763.547.996); and general expenses of US$ 96,904,704. In terms of economic evaluation, the phenyl acetic acid factory is classified as a low-risk factory with an ROI before tax of 24.72%; ROIafter tax of 18.54%; POTbefore tax of 1.39 years; POTafter tax is 1.77 years; BEP price 53.03%; SDP price 43.80%; and DCFRR of 26.67%. Based on the results of the economic evaluation, the phenyl acetic acid plant from benzyl chloride and NaCN is feasible to be established and studied further.

Kata Kunci : Asam fenil asetat, benzil klorida, benzil sianida, reaksi hidrolisis.