Analisis Metabolit Sekunder sebagai Agen Penangkap Radikal Bebas dari Pseudobulb Acriopsis liliifolia

Muhammad Ghazy Robbani, apt. Purwanto, M.Sc., Ph.D.; Latifa Nuraini, M.Sc., Ph.D.

2026 | Skripsi | FARMASI

Penuaan dini yang ditandai dengan kerutan di wajah menjadi masalah kulit utama yang diderita masyarakat secara umum akibat faktor eksternal, seperti paparan sinar UV. Produk kosmetik dari bahan dasar bahan alam menjadi solusi pengganti kosmetik berbahan dasar sintetis akibat banyaknya efek samping yang ditimbulkan sehingga banyak diproduksi secara masif. Acriopsis liliifolia merupakan spesies anggrek epifit yang cantik dan kaya manfaat. Kandungan metabolit sekundernya dapat berperan sebagai agen penangkapan radikal bebas.

Simplisia segar pseudobulb Acriopsis liliifolia digunakan untuk uji mikrokimia dan analisis menggunakan Liquid Chromatography High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC HRMS) untuk menentukan sifat bioaktifnya. Setelah identifikasi senyawa, dilakukan pembuatan ekstrak kering dan diuji kualitasnya menggunakan uji kadar abu total. Ekstrak kering yang didapatkan digunakan dalam uji penangkapan radikal bebas dan kadar fenolik total.

Hasil analisis mikrokimia menunjukkan hasil positif golongan senyawa fenolik, flavonoid, alkaloid, terpenoid, dan lipid. Hasil tersebut relevan dengan metabolit sekunder yang didapatkan dari profiling metabolit sekunder. Identifikasi tersebut mendapatkan klasifikasi superkelas paling melimpah adalah lipid and lipid-like molecules yang diturunkan hingga menjadi superkelas yang relevan dengan hasil uji mikrokimia dan diduga menjadi kontributor utama dalam menghambat radikal bebas, seperti Monoradylglycerols; Fatty alcohols; Fatty amides; Ceramides; Terpenoids; monoterpenoid; diterpenoids; triterpenoids; Lineolic acids and derivatives; Quinone and hydroquinone lipids. Uji kualitas ekstrak menggunakan uji kadar abu total didapatkan sebesar 6,66%. Uji penangkapan radikal bebas dengan reagen DPPH didapatkan hasil IC₅₀ rata-rata sebesar 331,57 ppm dan kadar fenolik total rata-rata sebesar 178,86 µgGAE/mg. Studi lebih lanjut dapat dilakukan untuk penggunaan kontrol positif dalam uji penangkapan radikal bebas, uji ABTS dan FRAP untuk antioksidan, serta uji penangkapan enzim-enzim penyebab penuaan dini.

Premature aging, characterized by facial wrinkles, is a major skin problem commonly experienced by the public due to external factors, such as UV exposure. Cosmetic products made from natural ingredients have become a substitute for synthetic cosmetics due to the numerous side effects they cause, leading to their mass production. Acriopsis liliifolia is a beautiful and beneficial epiphytic orchid species. Its secondary metabolite content can act as a free radical inhibitor.

Fresh Acriopsis liliifolia pseudobulb simplicia was used for microchemical testing and analysis using Liquid Chromatography High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC HRMS) to determine its bioactive properties. After compound identification, a dry extract was prepared and its quality was tested using a total ash content test. The resulting dry extract was used in free radical inhibition and total phenolic content tests.

Microchemical results showed positive results for phenolic compounds, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and lipids. These results are relevant to the secondary metabolites obtained from secondary metabolite profiling. The identification obtained the most abundant superclass classification, namely lipids and lipid-like molecules, which were reduced to superclasses relevant to the results of microchemical tests and are suspected to be the main contributors in inhibiting free radicals, such as Monoradylglycerols; Fatty alcohols; Fatty amides; Ceramides; Terpenoids; monoterpenoids; diterpenoids; triterpenoids; Lineolic acids and derivatives; Quinone and hydroquinone lipids. The extract quality test using the total ash content test was obtained at 6.66%. The free radical inhibition test with DPPH reagent obtained an average IC50 result of 331.57 ppm and an average total phenolic content of 178.86 µgGAE/mg. Further studies can be carried out for the use of positive controls in free radical scavenging tests, ABTS and FRAP tests for antioxidants, as well as inhibition tests for enzymes that cause premature aging.

Kata Kunci : Acriopsis liliifolia, pseudobulb, metabolit sekunder, anti-aging