Angka backlog perumahan di Indonesia yang mencapai 9,9 juta unit pada tahun 2023 mendorong pemerintah menggulirkan Program Tiga Juta Rumah yang membutuhkan metode konstruksi lebih cepat dan efisien. Teknologi modular volumetrik dipilih sebagai solusi yang dikaji karena potensi percepatan waktu konstruksinya, pengendalian mutu yang berlangsung di lingkungan pabrik yang terkontrol, serta kesesuaiannya dengan kondisi dan kebutuhan pembangunan di Palangkaraya. Penelitian ini membandingkan teknologi hybrid modular volumetrik dan beton konvensional pada bangunan 15 lantai di Palangkaraya dari aspek biaya, mutu, dan waktu menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif komparatif, dengan lingkup peninjauan dibatasi pada aktivitas di lokasi proyek (site). Analisis biaya disusun menggunakan Autodesk Revit dan Cubicost berdasarkan HSD Kota Palangkaraya dan AHSP PUPR 2026, analisis waktu menggunakan Microsoft Project dengan metode CPM, dan analisis mutu dilakukan melalui studi literatur jurnal ilmiah.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa biaya konstruksi modular sebesar Rp133,08 miliar atau 56,87% lebih mahal dari konvensional sebesar Rp84,84 miliar; apabila MEP dieksklusikan agar perbandingan lebih setara, selisih menyusut menjadi 48,4%. Meskipun demikian, pada komponen pekerjaan struktur modular justru 19,33% lebih hemat, sehingga selisih biaya total bersumber dari komponen instalasi modular dan finishing sebesar 60,95?ri total RAB. Dari sisi mutu, modular unggul pada empat dari lima parameter teknis terukur yang dikaji, dengan satu parameter, yaitu profil risiko cacat, dinilai setara. Dari sisi waktu, modular menyelesaikan pekerjaan di site dalam 172 hari, lebih cepat 86 hari atau 33,3% dibandingkan konvensional 258 hari, berkat pekerjaan instalasi modul yang berjalan overlap dengan pekerjaan struktur serta lingkup pekerjaan arsitektural di site yang minimal. Berdasarkan matriks penilaian multikriteria dengan bobot merata 33,33% per variabel dan skala 1–3, modular memperoleh skor 2,60 berbanding konvensional 1,40, dengan keunggulan yang dibentuk oleh variabel mutu dan waktu sementara variabel biaya berimbang.
Indonesia's housing backlog, which reached 9.9 million units in 2023, has prompted the government to launch the Three Million Houses Program, which demands faster and more efficient construction methods. Volumetric modular technology was selected as the solution under study due to its potential for accelerating construction time, its quality control conducted in a controlled factory environment, and its suitability for the conditions and development needs of Palangkaraya. This study compares hybrid volumetric modular technology and conventional concrete construction for a 15-story building in Palangkaraya in terms of cost, quality, and time using a comparative quantitative approach, with the scope of review limited to on-site activities. The cost analysis was developed using Autodesk Revit and Cubicost based on the Palangkaraya City Unit Price Standard (HSD) and AHSP PUPR 2026, the time analysis was conducted using Microsoft Project with the Critical Path Method (CPM), and the quality analysis was carried out through a literature review of scientific journals.
The results show that the modular construction cost of Rp133.08 billion is 56.87% higher than the conventional method at Rp84.84 billion; when MEP work is excluded for a more equivalent comparison, the gap narrows to 48.4%. Nevertheless, in the structural work component, the modular method is 19.33% more economical, indicating that the total cost difference originates from the modular installation and finishing component, which accounts for 60.95% of the total budget. In terms of quality, the modular method is superior in four of the five measurable technical parameters examined, with one parameter, the defect risk profile, assessed as equal. In terms of time, the modular method completes on-site work in 172 days, 86 days or 33.3?ster than the conventional method at 258 days, owing to module installation work that overlaps with structural work and the minimal scope of on-site architectural work. Based on a multicriteria assessment matrix with an equal weight of 33.33% per variable and a 1–3 scale, the modular method scores 2.60 compared to 2.00 for the conventional method, with the advantage driven by the quality and time variables while the cost variable remains balanced.
Kata Kunci :
modular volumetrik, beton konvensional, biaya, mutu, jadwal
