Pengaruh Periode Pemberian Suplementasi Nanopartikel Alginat pada Pakan terhadap Kekebalan Non-Spesifik Humoral Lele (Clarias Sp.)

Azima Salsabilla, Prof. Dr. Ir. Alim Isnansetyo, M.Sc.

2026 | Skripsi | BUDIDAYA PERIKANAN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh periode pemberian suplementasi nanopartikel alginat pada pakan terhadap kekebalan non-spesifik humoral lele (Clarias sp). Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan lima perlakuan dan tiga ulangan, yaitu P0 (kontrol pakan tanpa nano alginat), P1 (pakan dengan tambahan nanopartikel alginat setiap hari), P2 (pakan dengan tambahan nanopartikel alginat 2 hari sekali), P3 (pakan dengan tambahan nanopartikel alginat 4 hari sekali ), dan P4 (pakan dengan tambahan nanopartikel alginat 6 hari sekali). Benih lele yang digunakan pada awal penelitian ini berukuran rata-rata panjang 10,6 ± 0,10 cm dan rata-rata berat 9,2 ± 0,09 g dengan padat tebar 75 ekor/bak. Lele dipelihara menggunakan bak fiber selama 60 hari. Pakan diberikan sebanyak 3?ri biomassa sebanyak 2 kali sehari. Parameter yang diamati meliputi aglutinasi alami, aktivitas antibakterial serum (AAS), aktivitas lisozim, superoxide dismutase (SOD), dan total protein plasma (TPP). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian nanopartikel alginat tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap aglutinasi alami dan aktivitas SOD (P>0,05). Suplementasi nanopartikel alginat berpengaruh nyata terhadap aktivitas antibakterial serum, aktivitas lisozim, dan total protein plasma pada waktu pengamatan tertentu. Aktivitas antibakterial serum tertinggi pada hari ke-30 terdapat pada perlakuan pakan dengan tambahan nanopartikel alginat 4 hari sekali (P3) yaitu 48,54 ± 2,82, sedangkan aktivitas lisozim tertinggi pada hari ke-30 pada perlakuan P3 yaitu 66,00 ± 1,00 dan hari ke-60 terdapat pada perlakuan pakan dengan tambahan nanopartikel alginat 6 hari sekali (P4) yaitu 51,33 ± 2,52. Total protein plasma tertinggi pada hari ke-60 ditunjukkan oleh perlakuan pakan dengan tambahan nanopartikel alginat 2 hari sekali (P2) yaitu sebesar 25,36 ± 0,82. Pemberian nanopartikel alginat dalam pakan mampu meningkatkan beberapa parameter kekebalan non-spesifik humoral lele, terutama pada interval pemberian 2–6 hari. Dengan demikian, suplementasi nanopartikel alginat berpotensi digunakan sebagai imunostimulan pakan untuk mendukung kesehatan lele dalam budidaya.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the period of alginate nanoparticle supplementation in feed on the non-specific humoral immunity of catfish (Clarias sp). The research design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments and three replications, namely P0 (control feed without nano alginate), P1 (feed with additional alginate nanoparticles every day), P2 (feed with additional alginate nanoparticles every 2 days), P3 (feed with additional alginate nanoparticles every 4 days), and P4 (feed with additional alginate nanoparticles every 6 days). The catfish fingerlings used at the beginning of this study were sized average length 10.6 ± 0.10 cm and average weight 9.2 ± 0.09 g with a stocking density of 75 fish/tank. Catfish were reared using fiber tank for 60 days. Feed was given as much as 3% of the biomass twice a day. The parameters observed included natural agglutination, serum antibacterial activity (AAS), lysozyme activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total plasma protein (TPP). The results showed that the administration of alginate nanoparticles did not significantly affect natural agglutination and SOD activity (P>0.05). However, alginate nanoparticle supplementation significantly affected serum antibacterial activity, lysozyme activity, and total plasma protein at certain observation times. The highest serum antibacterial activity on the 30th day was found in the feed treatment with the addition of alginate nanoparticles every 4 days (P3) which was 48.54 ± 2.82, while the highest lysozyme activity on the 30th day was in the P3 treatment which was 66.00 ± 1.00 and the 60th day was in the feed treatment with the addition of alginate nanoparticles every 6 days (P4) which was 51.33 ± 2.52. The highest total plasma protein on the 60th day was shown by the feed treatment with the addition of alginate nanoparticles every 2 days (P2) which was 25.36 ± 0.82. In general, the administration of alginate nanoparticles in feed can improve several parameters of non-specific humoral immunity in catfish, especially at 2–6 day intervals. Thus, alginate nanoparticle supplementation has the potential to be used as a feed immunostimulant to support the health of catfish in aquaculture.

Kata Kunci : nanopartikel alginat, lele (Clarias sp.), imun non-spesifik humoral, lisozim, antibakterial serum, TPP, SOD, Aglutinasi, alginate nanoparticles, catfish (Clarias sp.), humoral non-specific immunity, lysozyme, serum antibacterial