Analisis pendapatan dan profitabilitas usaha peternakan babi melalui Program Pengembangan Kecamatan di Kabupaten Sikka

DEWA, Yeremias, Dr.drh. Arinto, M.Sc

2005 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Peternakan

Pengambilan kredit oleh peternak adalah untuk mencukupi kekurangan modal dan memenuhi kebutuhan input usaha. Dengan adanya kredit dan penggunaan input usaha yang tepat diharapkan ada peningkatan produksi dan dapat meningkatkan pendapatan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Nita dan Kecamatan Alok, Kabupaten Sikka, dari bulan Juli 2004 sampai September 2004. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengkaji tingkat pendapatan dan efisiensi operasional usaha ternak babi pada saat sebelum memperoleh kredit dan sesudah kredit pada tingkat pinjaman Rp 500.000 s/d Rp 1.500.000 dan Rp 2.000.000 s/d Rp 3.000.000 serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pendapatan. Materi penelitian sebanyak 63 peternak babi yang memanfaatkan fasilitas kredit yang diambil secara purposive dan stratified random sampling. Variabel yang diamati meliputi biaya dan penerimaan usaha, skala usaha, mortalitas, bangsa babi, nilai pengambilan kredit, nilai investasi dan pengalaman beternak. Metode penelitian adalah metode survai, sedangkan metode analisis menggunakan analisis regresi, uji t, analisis efisiensi operasional usaha (NPM dan OR) dan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelititan menunjukkan bahwa: 1) setelah memperoleh kredit dengan nilai Rp 500.000 s/d Rp. 1.500.000 ( kredit A) tidak meningkatkan pendapatan peternak. Pendapatan peternak babi sesudah mendapat kredit sama dengan pendapatan sebelum adanya tambahan modal kredit; 2) pada kredit B, pendapatan peternak babi sesudah mendapat tambahan modal melalui kredit lebih rendah dari pendapatan sebelum adanya tambahan modal; 3) tidak terdapat perbedaan pendapatan pada kedua jenis kredit (kredit A dan B); 4) variabel mortalitas berpengaruh signifikan negatif (P<0,01) terhadap pendapatan usaha ternak babi peternak pengambil kredit Program Pengembangan Kecamatan di Kabupaten Sikka dan 5) Sesudah kredit, efisiensi operasional usaha baik nilai net profit margin (NPM) maupun operating ratio (OR) pada kredit A dan kredit B tidak meningkat bahkan cenderung menurun dibandingkan dengan efisiensi operasional sebelum memperoleh kredit.

Credit was useful for farmer capital to increase their farming input. Through the existence of credit the productivity and the income of farmer would be increasing. This research was carried out in Nita and Alok sub district, Sikka regency, on July until September 2004. The objective of this study was to calculate the operational efficiency and the income of pig farming, especially the operational efficiency and income of farming before getting credit and after getting credit in loan degrees of Rp. 500,000 until 1,500,000 (credit A) and Rp 2,000,000 until 3,000,000 (credit B) and to analyze the factors that influence the income. The material of the study was pig farmers who received credit facility which chosen by purposive and stratified random sampling. Variables which was investigated includes the cost and farm receiving, business scale, mortality, pig species, the value of credit, invesment value and the experience in pig farming. Survey was applied to collect the data and the data were analyzed by multiple regression model, student t test and the other by analysis of business operational efficiency (NPM and OR) and the quantitative descriptive analysis. The result of the study showed that: 1). The income of pig farming after credit was relatively the same to the income before credit at level of the loan from Rp 500,000 until Rp 1,500,000; 2) the income of pig farming after the credit was lower than the income before credit on the level of credit B; 3) the income of the farmer who got loan of credit A and credit B was relatively the same; 4) the mortality variable gave negatif influence significant (p<0.01) on pig farming income of farmer, who received the Subdistrict Development Program credit in Sikka Regency; 5). The operational efficiency of pig farming (NPM and OR) after getting the credit was not better than before.

Kata Kunci : Usaha Ternak Babi,Pendapatan dan Profitabilitas,Credit, Income, Profitability, Pig farming