Analisis motivasi dan pendapatan pada usaha pemeliharaan ternak babi skala rumah tangga di Kota Kupang

TULLE, Defrys Ridolof, Ir. F. Trisakti Haryadi, M.Si.,Ph.D

2005 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Peternakan

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Oebobo dan Maulafa, Kota Kupang, dari bulan Juli 2004 hingga September 2004. Materi penelitian sebanyak 60 peternak diambil secara purposive random. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: (1) mengetahui tingkat motivasi peternak dalam memelihara ternak babi, (2) menganalisis faktor-faktor karakteristik internal peternak dan situasional usaha yang mempengaruhi motivasi dalam memelihara ternak babi, (3) menghitung besarnya pendapatan usaha pemeliharaan ternak babi dan kontribusinya terhadap pendapatan rumah tangga, dan (4) mengetahui hubungan antara motivasi dengan pendapatan peternak. Variabel yang diukur meliputi: motivasi beternak; karakteristik internal peternak; karakteristik situasional usaha; biaya dan penerimaan usaha. Analisis yang digunakan meliputi: analisis deskriptif kuantitatif, binomial logit, serta korelasi Rank Spearman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) sebagian besar peternak di Kota Kupang memiliki motif ekonomi, motif sosial, dan motif hiburan yang tinggi dan memiliki tingkat motivasi tinggi dalam beternak babi; 2) tidak terdapat variabel yang berpengaruh terhadap motif ekonomi; motif sosial secara nyata dipengaruhi oleh variabel pengalaman beternak (p<0,10), kepemilikan lahan (p<0,05) dan penggunaan sumber informasi (p<0,10); motif hiburan secara nyata dipengaruhi oleh variabel curahan waktu kerja (p<0,05) dan kepemilikan lahan (p<0,05); motivasi beternak secara nyata dipengaruhi oleh variabel umur (p<0,10), pengalaman beternak (p<0,05), penghasilan non usaha ternak babi (p<0,10), dan kepemilikan lahan (p<0,05); 3) rata-rata pendapatan dari usaha pemeliharaan ternak babi skala rumah tangga di Kota Kupang adalah sebesar Rp. 3.841.101,22,- per unit ternak per tahun; 4) rata-rata kontribusi pendapatan usaha ternak babi terhadap total pendapatan rumah tangga sebesar 26,69% dan tergolong jenis usaha sambilan; 4) tidak terdapat hubungan yang berarti antara variabel-variabel motivasi beternak dengan pendapatan peternak.

This study was conducted in Subdistricts of Oebobo and Maulafa, Kupang City. It was carried on July 2004 to September 2004. Sixty farmers were taken as respondents by purposive random sampling. The objectives of this study were: (1) to know the category of motivation of pig farming; (2) to analyze internal and business situational characteristics which were influencing motivation of the farmers; (3) to calculate the income obtained from pig farming as well as its contribution upon family income, and (4) to study the relationship between motivation and income. Variables measured consisted of motivation; internal characteristics of farmer; business situational characteristics; input and output of pig farming. Data were analyzed descriptively, and the other by logit regression model analysis, and correlation of Rank Spearman. The results of this study indicated that most of the farmers had high categories of motives in social, economic and hobby. The category of motivation in pig farming was high. There were no variables which gave significant effect on economic motive. Social motive was significant affected by experience in pig farming (P<0.10), land ownership (P<0.05) and the utilization of information sources (P<0.10). Variables which gave significant effect on hobbies motive were time alocation in pig farming (p<0.05) and land ownership (p<0.05). Furthermore, the motivation category in pig livestock farming was significant affected by age (p<0.10), experience in pig farming (p<0.05), non pig farming income (p<0.10) and land ownership (p<0.05). The average income of small scale pig farming in Kupang was Rp. 3.841.101,22 /AU/year. The average contribution of small scale pig farming to total family income was 26.69%. There was no significant relationship between motivation variables and income of pig farming.

Kata Kunci : Usaha Ternak Babi, Pendapatan dan Motivasi, Motivation, Income, Pig Farming