Pertumbuhan Tanaman dan Profil Metabolit Ekstrak Daun Okra Merah (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench 'Zahira IPB')

Elisabeth Kurniawati, Woro Anindito Sri Tunjung, S.Si., M.Sc., Ph.D.

2026 | Skripsi | BIOLOGI

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) merupakan tanaman biofarmaka yang diketahui mengandung berbagai metabolit sekunder dengan potensi aktivitas biologis. Meskipun demikian, informasi mengenai profil metabolit daun muda okra merah masih terbatas, khususnya terkait keragaman metabolit dan potensi bioaktivitasnya. Akumulasi metabolit sekunder pada tanaman dipengaruhi oleh proses fisiologis selama pertumbuhan dan perkembangan, sehingga karakteristik pertumbuhan perlu dipahami sebagai dasar pembentukan biomassa dan metabolit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pertumbuhan okra merah sebagai dasar pembentukan biomassa serta mengkarakterisasi lanskap metabolit daun muda dan potensi aktivitas biologisnya. Okra merah varietas Zahira IPB dibudidayakan di lahan terbuka dan diamati melalui parameter perkecambahan, tinggi tanaman, dan jumlah daun. Daun muda diekstraksi menggunakan kombinasi maserasi dan ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) dengan pelarut etanol 70%. Profil metabolit dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan untargeted metabolomics berbasis LC-HRMS, sedangkan potensi aktivitas biologis senyawa diprediksi menggunakan PASS Online. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa biji okra merah memiliki persentase perkecambahan sebesar 64,5?ngan rerata waktu muncul kecambah 3,2 hari. Tanaman juga menunjukkan peningkatan tinggi dan jumlah daun selama fase vegetatif, yang mengindikasikan keberhasilan pembentukan biomassa sebagai dasar akumulasi metabolit. Analisis LC-HRMS mengidentifikasi 57 metabolit yang tergolong ke dalam 10 kelompok senyawa. Keragaman metabolit yang terdeteksi menunjukkan kompleksitas metabolisme sekunder pada daun muda okra merah. Prediksi PASS Online menunjukkan bahwa metabolit yang teridentifikasi berpotensi memiliki berbagai aktivitas biologis, dengan aktivitas dominan meliputi antiseborrheic, antieczematic, dan anticancer.

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) is a medicinal plant known to contain a wide range of secondary metabolites with potential biological activities. However, information regarding the metabolite profile of young red okra leaves remains limited, particularly concerning their metabolite diversity and potential bioactivities. The accumulation of secondary metabolites in plants is influenced by physiological processes during growth and development; therefore, growth characteristics need to be understood as the basis for biomass and metabolite formation. This study aimed to evaluate the growth of red okra as a basis for biomass production and to characterize the metabolite landscape of young leaves and their potential biological activities. Red okra (Zahira IPB variety) was cultivated under open-field conditions and monitored using germination percentage, plant height, and leaf number as growth parameters. Young leaves were extracted using a combination of maceration and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) with 70% ethanol as the solvent. Metabolite profiling was performed using an untargeted metabolomics approach based on LC-HRMS, while the potential biological activities of the identified compounds were predicted using PASS Online. The results showed that red okra seeds exhibited a germination percentage of 64.5%, with an average emergence time of 3.2 days. The plants also demonstrated increases in height and leaf number throughout the vegetative phase, indicating successful biomass formation as a foundation for metabolite accumulation. LC-HRMS analysis identified 57 metabolites belonging to 10 compound classes. The detected metabolite diversity reflects the complexity of secondary metabolism in young red okra leaves. PASS Online prediction suggested that the identified metabolites possess various potential biological activities, with antiseborrheic, antieczematic, and anticancer activities being the most dominant.

Kata Kunci : daun muda, LC-HRMS, okra merah, senyawa bioaktif