Preformulasi Sabun Thaharah Berbentuk Mini Cube Soaps Berbasis Zeolit

Ghifar Haidar Ar-Rafi', apt. Marlyn Dian Laksitorini, M.Sc., Ph.D.; Prof. Dr. Eng. Widi Astuti

2026 | Skripsi | FARMASI

Kebersihan dan kesucian merupakan pilar penting dalam Islam, di mana pensucian najis mughalladzah (najis berat) secara tradisional memerlukan penggunaan tanah. Namun, kendala higienitas dan aksesibilitas tanah bersih di lingkungan modern mendorong perlunya solusi yang lebih praktis. Berdasarkan prinsip at-taysir (kemudahan), penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan dan mengoptimasi sediaan sabun thaharah inovatif berbentuk mini cube soap sekali pakai dengan memanfaatkan zeolit sebagai pengganti tanah. Zeolit dipilih karena memiliki kemampuan adsorpsi dan struktur berpori yang unggul sebagai agen pembersih.

Formulasi sabun dibuat melalui metode saponifikasi cold process dengan optimasi menggunakan metode Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) pada variasi konsentrasi minyak kelapa (44-52%) dan zeolit (2-10%). Zeolit dikarakterisasi menggunakan FTIR, XRD, XRF, dan SEM-EDS, di mana hasil FTIR menunjukkan puncak khas gugus hidroksil (-OH) pada 3633,12 cm?¹ dan 3449,31 cm?¹, serta ikatan Si-O dan Al-O yang mengonfirmasi struktur aluminosilikat yang kokoh. Evaluasi sediaan meliputi parameter pH, stabilitas busa, kadar air, dan efektivitas pembersihan terhadap kotoran simulasi lemak babi.

Hasil optimasi menggunakan Design-Expert menghasilkan formula optimum (minyak kelapa 44?n zeolit 10%) dengan nilai prediksi pH sebesar 9,22, stabilitas busa 76,10%, dan kadar air 16,94%. Hasil verifikasi melalui One Sample T-test menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara hasil aktual dengan prediksi, sehingga model optimasi dinyatakan valid. Uji hedonik menunjukkan bahwa sediaan dapat diterima oleh masyarakat dengan tingkat keyakinan yang tinggi dalam membantu proses penyucian najis sesuai syariat Islam dengan nilai mean 6,95. Penelitian ini memberikan solusi praktis, higienis, dan efektif untuk kebutuhan thaharah di era modern.

Cleanliness and purity are important pillars in Islam, where the purification of najis mughalladzah (major/severe ritual impurity) traditionally requires the use of soil. However, hygiene concerns and the limited accessibility of clean soil in modern environments have driven the need for more practical solutions. Based on the principle of at-taysir (ease/facilitation), this study aims to develop and optimize an innovative thaharah (ritual purification) soap preparation in the form of a single-use mini cube soap, utilizing zeolite as a substitute for soil. Zeolite was selected for its superior adsorption capacity and porous structure as a cleansing agent.

The soap formulation was prepared using the cold process saponification method, with optimization carried out using the Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) method across variations in coconut oil concentration (44–52%) and zeolite concentration (2–10%). The zeolite was characterized using FTIR, XRD, XRF, and SEM-EDS. FTIR results showed characteristic hydroxyl (-OH) group peaks at 3633.12 cm?¹ and 3449.31 cm?¹, as well as Si-O and Al-O bonds confirming a robust aluminosilicate structure. Evaluation of the preparation included pH, foam stability, moisture content, and cleansing effectiveness against simulated pig-fat contamination.

Optimization using Design-Expert produced an optimum formula (44% coconut oil and 10% zeolite) with predicted values of pH 9.22, foam stability of 76.10%, and moisture content of 16.94%. Verification via a One Sample T-test showed no significant difference between the actual and predicted results, confirming the validity of the optimization model. A hedonic test indicated that the preparation was well received by the public, with a high level of confidence in its effectiveness for assisting the process of ritual purification from impurity in accordance with Islamic law, yielding a mean score of 6.95. This research provides a practical, hygienic, and effective solution for thaharah needs in the modern era.

Kata Kunci : Sabun Thaharah, Mini Cube Soap, Zeolit, Najis Mughalladzah, Formulasi Optimal.