Pengaruh Pasta Gigi Nanopartikel Ekstrak Buah Anggur Merah (Vitis vinifera) dan Kitosan sebagai Penghilang Stain Ekstrinsik Kopi pada Permukaan Plat Resin Akrilik

Aqilah Naomi Nariswari, Prof. Dr. drg. Archadian Nuryanti, M.Kes. ; drg. Ruslin, M.Kes., Ph.D.

2026 | Skripsi | PENDIDIKAN DOKTER GIGI

Plat resin akrilik yang digunakan sebagai basis gigi tiruan merupakan komponen utama dalam rehabilitasi prostodontik. Namun, pengguna gigi tiruan sering menghadapi perubahan warna akibat stain ekstrinsik dari konsumsi kopi. Ekstrak anggur merah (Vitis vinifera) mengandung asam malat dan asam sitrat yang berpotensi menghilangkan stain. Untuk menjaga stabilitas dan efektivitas pelepasan bahan aktif, ekstrak dienkapsulasi ke dalam nanopartikel kitosan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh pasta gigi nanopartikel ekstrak anggur merah dan kitosan terhadap penghilangan stain ekstrinsik kopi pada plat resin akrilik.

Penelitian menggunakan 15 plat resin akrilik yang dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok: pasta gigi dasar (kontrol negatif), pasta gigi nanopartikel ekstrak anggur merah dan kitosan, serta pasta gigi Zact (kontrol positif). Plat direndam akuades selama 2x24 jam, lalu diinduksi stain larutan kopi selama 21 hari. Penyikatan dilakukan menggunakan masing-masing pasta gigi. Foto diambil sebelum induksi (F1), setelah induksi (F2), dan setelah penyikatan (F3). Perubahan warna (Delta E) diukur menggunakan analisis warna CIELAB, kemudian data dianalisis dengan uji One-Way ANOVA dan uji Post-Hoc LSD.

Hasil uji One-Way ANOVA menunjukkan perbedaan jenis pasta gigi berpengaruh signifikan terhadap penghilangan stain ekstrinsik kopi. Uji Post-Hoc LSD mengonfirmasi adanya perbedaan signifikan antarkelompok. Disimpulkan bahwa pasta gigi nanopartikel ekstrak anggur merah (Vitis vinifera) dan kitosan berpengaruh terhadap penghilangan stain ekstrinsik kopi pada plat resin akrilik.

Acrylic resin plates as denture bases are a primary component in prosthodontic rehabilitation. However, denture wearers frequently experience discoloration caused by extrinsic staining from coffee consumption. Red grape extract (Vitis vinifera) contains malic acid and citric acid, which have potential in removing stains. To maintain stability and effectiveness of active ingredient release, the extract is encapsulated into chitosan nanoparticles as an encapsulating agent. This study aimed to determine the effect of red grape extract and chitosan nanoparticle toothpaste on the removal of coffee extrinsic stains on acrylic resin plates.

Fifteen acrylic resin plates were divided into three groups: basic toothpaste (negative control), red grape extract and chitosan nanoparticle toothpaste, and Zact toothpaste (positive control). The plates were immersed in distilled water for 2×24 hours, followed by staining induction using a coffee solution for 21 days. Brushing was then performed using each respective toothpaste. Photographs were taken before induction (F1), after induction (F2), and after brushing (F3). Color changes (Delta E) were measured using CIELAB color analysis, and the data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA followed by Post-Hoc LSD test.

One-Way ANOVA results showed that differences in toothpaste type had a significant effect on coffee extrinsic stain removal. Post-Hoc LSD test confirmed that significant differences existed between groups. It was concluded that red grape (Vitis vinifera) extract and chitosan nanoparticle toothpaste had a significant effect on the removal of coffee extrinsic stains on acrylic resin plates.

Kata Kunci : pasta gigi, anggur merah, kitosan, stain ekstrinsik, kopi, plat resin akrilik