Profil rumah tangga dan strategi adaptasi kelangsungan hidup nelayan asal petani di Pantai Selatan Bantul

ANTONO, Henfri, Prof.Drs. Kasto, MA

2005 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Lingkungan

Permasalahan kemiskinan merupakan salah satu isu penting saat ini. Penelitian ini memiliki tiga tujuan. Pertama untuk mengetahui profil rumah tangga dan karakteristik nelayan asal petani di Pantai Selatan Bantul. Tujuan kedua adalah mengetahui hubungan profil rumah tangga dengan strategi adaptasi kelangsungan hidup nelayan asal petani di Pantai Selatan Bantul. Tujuan ketiga adalah mengetahui hubungan tingkat pendidikan dan pengalaman sebagai nelayan dengan tingkat keberhasilan dari strategi adaptasi kelangsungan hidup nelayan asal petani di Pantai Selatan Bantul. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Pantai Selatan Bantul. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode survai. Pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian adalah nelayan yang berjumlah 120 orang/responden secara purposive sampling. Cara pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara berdasar kuisioner sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari instansi terkait. Data yang dikumpulkan dianalisis mengunakan metode statistik (koefisien kontingensi (K)). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan profil rumah tangga nelayan asal petani yang beragam yaitu miskin 12,50 persen, nyaris miskin 27,50 persen, dan kecukupan 60 persen. Hasil kedua adalah semakin mampu/kecukupan maka strategi adaptasi kelangsungan hidup yang diterapkan semakin banyak (koefisien kontingensi (K) 3,8). Strategi adaptasi kelangsungan hidup yang diterapkan meliputi: pertama penghematan pengeluaran melalui penghematan pangan dan non pangan, kedua peningkatan pendapatan melalui diversifikasi usaha dan pemberdayaan anggota keluarga, dan ketiga pemanfaatan jaringan sosial dengan meminjam saudara, tetangga, juragan, koperasi, dan arisan. Hasil penelitian ketiga adalah tidak ada hubungan antara pendidikan dan pengalaman sebagai nelayan dengan tingkat keberhasilan strategi adaptasi (koefisien kontingensi (K) 0,22 dan 0,15).

The poverty is one of the most interesting issues, especially in environmental concern. The purposes of research are three object. Firstly is find out household profile and characteristic of fisherman origin farmer at south coast of Bantul. Secondly is find out of relationship household profile and adaptation strategy for survival of fisherman origin farmer at south coast of Bantul. Thirdly is find out of relationship education degree and experience as fisherman with success degree from adaptation strategy for survival of fisherman origin farmer at south coast of Bantul. The research was carried at south coast of Bantul. Respondens of the research study are fisherman includes all the 120 respondens as purposive sampling. The data was obtained through survey and thorough interview, meanwhile the secondary data was obtained through interrelated instance. The collected data was analyzed the method of statistic (Coefisient of Contigency (K)). The result of the research shows that household profile fisherman origin farmer is various; that is poor 12,50 percent, poor nearly 27,50 percent, and sufficiency 60 percent. Secondly output is more and more sufficiency so many application of adaptation strategy for survival (coeficient contigency (K) 0,38). Application of adaptation strategy for survival comprise expenditure thrift by means of food thrift and non food, income escalation by means of work diversification and utilizing of domestic manpower such as wive and child in economic activities, support of social networks such as borrowing from this family, neighbor, and owner of an enterprise, cooperation and regular social gathering whose members contribute to and take turns at winning an aggregate sum of money. Thirdly output isn’t relationship about education and experience as fisherman degree with success degree from adaptation strategy for survival (coeficient contigency (K) 0,22 and 0,15).

Kata Kunci : Lingkungan,Nelayan dan Kemiskinan,Strategi Adaptasi, household profile, adaptation strategy, fisherman