Pengaturan Personal Injury and Damage Assessment dalam Pemulihan Korban Tindak Pidana Penganiayaan dan Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas melalui Mekanisme Keadilan Restoratif

ZAKKI ARDLI AHSANI, Dr. Supriyadi, S.H., M.Hum.

2026 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Hukum

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dasar pemikiran perlunya pengaturan personal injury and damage assessment dalam pemulihan korban tindak pidana penganiayaan dan kecelakaan lalu lintas melalui mekanisme keadilan restoratif. Selain itu, tujuan penelitian ini untuk merumuskan prospek pengaturan personal injury and damage assessment dalam pemulihan korban tindak pidana penganiayaan dan kecelakaan lalu lintas melalui mekanisme keadilan restoratif.

Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder yang dikumpulkan melalui studi kepustakaan, yang diperkuat dengan data primer yang dikumpulkan melalui metode wawancara kepada narasumber. Penelitian ini menerapkan analisis kualitatif.

Penelitian ini menunjukkan dua kesimpulan. Pertama, dasar pemikiran perlunya pengaturan personal injury and damage assessment pada tindak pidana penganiayaan dan kecelakaan lalu lintas melalui keadilan restoratif telah sejalan dengan nilai filosofis Pancasila, yaitu dalam sila kedua, keempat, dan kelima. Secara sosiologis, pelaksanaan mekanisme keadilan restoratif pada setiap tahapan menunjukkan adanya ketidakpastian dalam proses penentuan ganti kerugian yang disebabkan karena adanya perbedaan tolok ukur kerugian dan kebutuhan nyata korban yang akhirnya berdampak pada kesepakatan ganti kerugian yang tidak proporsional. Secara yuridis, Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2025 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana (KUHAP) telah mengatur ganti kerugian melalui mekanisme keadilan restoratif, namun ketentuan tersebut memiliki kelemahan dan kurang memadai untuk memulihkan kembali kerugian korban, sehingga membutuhkan norma peraturan yang lebih aplikatif. Kedua, prospek personal injury and damage assessment dapat dilihat dari kelemahan pengaturan ganti kerugian dalam peraturan perundang-undangan dan model pengaturan ganti kerugian ke depan. Personal injury and damage assessment pada mekanisme keadilan restoratif diterapkan dengan prinsip objektivitas, prinsip rasionalitas, dan prinsip proporsionalitas. Mekanisme ini memerlukan peran penilai kerugian dari unsur kedokteran dan LPSK, serta peran fasilitator oleh penegak hukum. Hasil penilaian kerugian korban dijadikan dasar dalam proses negosiasi penentuan ganti kerugian guna menuju kesepakatan yang proporsional.

This study aims to analyze the rationale for the need of personal injury and damage assessment in the victim restoration of crime of abuse and traffic accidents through restorative justice mechanism. Additionally, the study aims to outline the prospects for personal injury and damage assessment in the victim restoration of crime of abuse and traffic accidents through restorative justice mechanism.

This study uses a normative legal research method that utilizes both a statutory and a conceptual approach. This study uses secondary data gathered through a literature review supported by primary data collected through interviews with informants. The study employs qualitative analysis.

This study shows two conclusions. First, the rationale for the need of personal injury and damage assessment in the victim restoration of crime of abuse and traffic accidents through restorative justice mechanism is consistent with the philosophical foundation of Pancasila, particularly those embodied in the second, fourth, and fifth principles. Sociological foundation, the implementation of restorative justice mechanisms at every stage reveals uncertainty in the process of determining compensation, caused by discrepancies between the criteria for assessing losses and the victims’ actual needs, which ultimately results in disproportionate compensation agreements. From a legal foundation, the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP) has essentially regulated compensation through restorative justice mechanisms; however, these provisions have weaknesses and are insufficient, particularly for fully restoring the victims’ losses, thus requiring more practical regulatory norms. Second, the prospect of personal injury and damage assessment can be seen from the weakness of the compensation rules in the legislation and forward compensation arrangement model. Personal injury and damage assessment in restorative justice mechanisms applied based on the principle of objectivity, the principle of rationality, and the principle of proportionality. This mechanism requires the role of loss assessors from the medical field and the LPSK, as well as the role of facilitators by law enforcement officials. The results of the assessment of the victim’s losses serve as the basis for the negotiation process to determine compensation, aiming to reach a proportional agreement.

Kata Kunci : pemulihan korban, tindak pidana penganiayaan, tindak pidana kecelakaan lalu lintas, keadilan restoratif, personal injury and damage assessment