Pengaruh Dosis Probiotik Bacillus sp. T2A, Bacillus sp. T3PI, dan Lactococcus raffinolactis JAL 11 pada Media Pemeliharaan terhadap Pertumbuhan Ikan Nila (Oreochromis sp.)

Naufal Rizki Ananda, Indah Istiqomah, S.Pi., M.Si., Ph.D.

2026 | Skripsi | BUDIDAYA PERIKANAN

Ikan nila (Oreochromis sp.) merupakan salah satu komoditas perikanan air tawar bernilai ekonomi tinggi yang banyak dibudidayakan di Indonesia karena memiliki pertumbuhan cepat dan kemampuan adaptasi yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian probiotik Bacillus sp. T2A, Bacillus sp. T3PI, dan Lactococcus raffinolactis JAL 11 dengan dosis berbeda pada media pemeliharaan terhadap pertumbuhan ikan nila. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Desember 2025-Maret 2026 di Halaman Inkubasi Mina Bisnis (IMB), Departemen Perikanan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Ikan nila berukuran 5-7 cm dipelihara selama 84 hari dengan kepadatan 20 ekor per bak (100 L air) dan diberi pakan komersial sebanyak 4% biomassa. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan empat perlakuan dan tiga ulangan, yaitu kontrol tanpa probiotik dan molase, molase tanpa probiotik, probiotik Bacillus sp. T2A, Bacillus sp. T3PI, dan Lactococcus raffinolactis JAL 11 dosis 10? CFU/mL dengan molase, serta probiotik Bacillus sp. T2A, Bacillus sp. T3PI, dan Lactococcus raffinolactis JAL 11 dosis 10? CFU/mL dengan molase. Parameter yang diamati meliputi pertumbuhan berat mutlak, pertumbuhan panjang mutlak, laju pertumbuhan spesifik (SGR), sintasan (SR), rasio konversi pakan (FCR), dan kualitas air (suhu, pH, oksigen terlarut, dan amonia total). Data pertumbuhan dianalisis menggunakan One-Way ANOVA atau Welch ANOVA, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan atau Games–Howell pada taraf kepercayaan 95%, sedangkan data sintasan dan kualitas air dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian probiotik berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan ikan nila. Perlakuan dosis 10? CFU/mL dengan molase menghasilkan pertumbuhan berat mutlak tertinggi (50,48 ± 1,17 g), pertumbuhan panjang mutlak tertinggi (9,47 ± 0,11 cm), laju pertumbuhan spesifik tertinggi (2,72 ± 0,06% per hari), dan rasio konversi pakan terendah (1,19 ± 0,05). Perlakuan probiotik menghasilkan pertumbuhan yang lebih baik dibandingkan tanpa probiotik, sedangkan kedua dosis probiotik tidak berbeda nyata.

Tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) is one of the freshwater fish commodities with high economic value and is widely cultured in Indonesian due to its rapid growth and good adaptability. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different doses of Bacillus sp. T2A, Bacillus sp. T3PI, and Lactococcus raffinolactis JAL 11 probiotics applied to the rearing water on the growth performance of tilapia. The experiment was conducted from December 2025 to March 2026 at the Mina Business Incubation Facility (IMB), Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Tilapia measuring 5-7 cm were reared for 84 days at a stocking density of 20 fish per tank (100 L of water) and fed a commercial diet at 4% of biomass. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of four treatments with three replicates was employed: control without probiotic and molasses, molasses without probiotic, Bacillus sp. T2A, Bacillus sp. T3PI, and Lactococcus raffinolactis JAL 11 probiotic at 10? CFU/mL with molasses, and Bacillus sp. T2A, Bacillus sp. T3PI, and Lactococcus raffinolactis JAL 11 probiotic at 10? CFU/mL with molasses. The observed parameters included absolute weight gain, absolute length gain, specific growth rate (SGR), survival rate (SR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and water quality parameters (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and total ammonia). Growth data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA or Welch ANOVA, followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test or Games–Howell test at a 95% confidence level, whereas survival and water quality data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that probiotic application significantly affected the growth performance of tilapia. The treatment receiving 10? CFU/mL probiotic with molasses produced the highest absolute weight gain (50,48 ± 1,17 g), absolute length gain (9,47 ± 0,11 cm), and specific growth rate (2,72 ± 0,06?y?¹), as well as the lowest feed conversion ratio (1,19 ± 0,05). Overall, probiotic treatments resulted in better growth performance than treatments without probiotics, while no significant differences were observed between the two probiotic doses.

Kata Kunci : Bacillus sp., Lactococcus raffinolactis, ikan nila, pertumbuhan, probiotik, kualitas air