Pengembangan Kriteria dan Indikator Keberlanjutan Hutan Kemasyarakatan Wanamina: Studi Kasus KTH Wanamina di Desa Kota Kapur, Kabupaten Bangka

Andreleo Jean Caesar Indra Purnama, Prof. Dr. Ir. Ronggo Sadono, IPM

2026 | Skripsi | KEHUTANAN

Hutan Kemasyarakatan (HKm) berbasis wanamina/silvofishery merupakan pendekatan pengelolaan pesisir yang mengintegrasikan rehabilitasi mangrove dengan budidaya perikanan, namun kerangka penilaian keberlanjutan yang terstruktur dan kontekstual untuk skema ini masih sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan: (i) mengembangkan dan memvalidasi seperangkat kriteria dan indikator (K&I) keberlanjutan pengelolaan HKm Wanamina berbasis silvofishery, dan (ii) menilai status keberlanjutan KTH Wanamina di Desa Kota Kapur, Kabupaten Bangka. Pendekatan mixed methods eksplanatori-sekuensial digunakan dengan mengadaptasi Standar LEI 5000-3/14. Validasi indikator dilakukan oleh tiga pakar menggunakan formula S-norm De Boer, dan pembobotan indikator ditentukan melalui Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Penilaian keberlanjutan didasarkan pada survei rumah tangga anggota (n = 67), wawancara mendalam, dan Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Hasil validasi menghasilkan 25 indikator dalam sembilan kriteria pada tiga aspek: produksi (9 indikator), ekologi (7 indikator), dan sosial (9 indikator). Aspek ekologi memperoleh bobot AHP tertinggi (w = 0,373), mencerminkan prioritas pemangku kepentingan terhadap fungsi ekosistem mangrove. Penilaian keberlanjutan KTH Wanamina secara keseluruhan berada pada kategori Baik dengan skor 80,6%, yang terdiri atas aspek produksi 85,9%, ekologi 74,1%, dan sosial 86,4%. Aspek ekologi, khususnya ketersediaan informasi spesies endemik (66,7%), menjadi aspek dengan skor terendah dan perlu mendapat perhatian intervensi pengelolaan. Kerangka K&I yang dikembangkan menyediakan instrumen penilaian yang terstruktur, terukur, dan dapat direplikasi untuk skema HKm pesisir berbasis mangrove silvofishery di Indonesia.

Community-based forestry (HKm) grounded in wanamina/silvofishery an approach that integrates mangrove rehabilitation with aquaculture — holds considerable promise for coastal livelihood improvement, yet structured sustainability assessment frameworks specifically tailored to this system remain scarce. This study aimed to: (i) develop and validate a set of sustainability Criteria and Indicators (C&I) for silvofishery-based HKm management through expert consultation and stakeholder engagement; (ii) determine indicator weights using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP); and (iii) assess the sustainability status of KTH Wanamina, Kota Kapur Village, Bangka Regency. An explanatory sequential mixed methods design was employed, adapting the LEI Standard 5000-3/14 for community-based forest management. Indicators were validated by three experts representing production, ecology, and social domains using the S-norm De Boer formula, while indicator weights were determined through pairwise comparison matrices aggregated via geometric mean. Sustainability assessment drew on a household survey of all active members (n = 67), key informant interviews, and focus group discussions. Of 29 initial indicators, 25 were retained across nine criteria in three aspects: production (9 indicators), ecology (7 indicators), and social (9 indicators). The ecology aspect received the highest AHP weight (w = 0.373), reflecting stakeholder consensus on the primacy of ecosystem integrity in sustaining the silvofishery system. Overall sustainability of KTH Wanamina was rated as Good at 80.6%, comprising production 85.9% (Good), ecology 74.1% (Fair), and social 86.4% (Good). The lowest-scoring criterion was availability of information on endemic, rare, and protected species (66.7%), representing the most critical leverage point for management intervention. The C&I framework developed here provides a structured, operationalizable, and replicable assessment instrument for monitoring mangrove-silvofishery HKm performance across ecological, economic, and social dimensions in Indonesian coastal settings.

Kata Kunci : Analytic Hierarchy Process, hutan kemasyarakatan, ekosistem mangrove, mixed methods, silvofishery, penilaian keberlanjutan