Pengembangan Sensor Quartz Crystal Microbalance untuk Deteksi Asam Asetat Menggunakan Fiber Polivinil Asetat/Polivinilpirolidon

Kezia Dilla Septania, Prof. Drs. Roto., M.Eng., Ph.D.; Prof. Dr.rer.nat Nurul Hidayat Aprilita, M.Si.

2026 | Skripsi | KIMIA

Asam asetat merupakan salah satu senyawa volatile organic compound (VOC) yang banyak ditemukan dalam berbagai proses industri, tetapi berpotensi menimbulkan dampak kesehatan apabila terpapar pada konsentrasi tertentu. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan sistem deteksi yang dapat mengidentifikasi keberadaan gas asam asetat. Penelitian ini mengembangkan sensor gas berbasis Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) dengan memanfaatkan fiber polivinil asetat/polivinilpirolidon (PVAc/PVP) sebagai lapisan aktif untuk mendeteksi gas asam asetat.

Fiber PVAc/PVP dibuat menggunakan metode electrospinning dengan variasi konsentrasi PVP, yaitu 5, 10, dan 15%. Lapisan fiber yang dihasilkan kemudian dideposisikan pada permukaan sensor untuk mengetahui performa sensor terhadap gas target. Karakterisasi komposisi kimia dilakukan dengan Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), sedangkan morfologi permukaan dan diameter serat diamati menggunakan Scanning electron microscopy dengan energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX).

Hasil karakterisasi FTIR menunjukkan kemunculan puncak serapan baru serta peningkatan intensitas pada beberapa puncak serapan setelah penambahan PVP yang menandakan keberadaan PVP dalam matriks PVAc. Analisis SEM menunjukkan peningkatan konsentrasi PVP diikuti dengan peningkatan diameter fiber. Berdasarkan pengujian performa sensor, diketahui bahwa respons sensor terhadap gas asam asetat semakin meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya konsentrasi PVP. Sensor PVAc/PVP 15% menunjukkan performa paling baik dengan sensitivitas sebesar 1,255 Hz/ppm dan limit deteksi sebesar 2,46 ppm. Selain itu, sensor juga menunjukkan selektivitas yang baik terhadap gas asam asetat dibandingkan gas lain, seperti alkohol, aseton, BTX, amin, formaldehida, dan amonia.

Acetic acid is a volatile organic compound (VOC) commonly found in various industrial processes, but it can pose health risks if exposed to certain concentrations. Therefore, a detection system capable of identifying the presence of acetic acid gas is needed. This study developed a Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM)-based gas sensor utilizing polyvinyl acetate/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVAc/PVP) fibers as the active layer to detect acetic acid gas.

PVAc/PVP fibers were prepared using the electrospinning method with varying PVP concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15%. The resulting fiber layers were then deposited onto the sensor surface to evaluate the sensor’s performance against the target gas. Chemical composition characterization was performed using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), while surface morphology and fiber diameter were observed using scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX).

FTIR characterization results showed the appearance of new absorption peaks as well as an increase in intensity at several absorption peaks following the addition of PVP, indicating the presence of PVP in the PVAc matrix. SEM analysis revealed that an increase in PVP concentration was accompanied by an increase in fiber diameter. Based on sensor performance testing, it was found that the sensor’s response to acetic acid gas increases as the PVP concentration increases. The 15% PVAc/PVP sensor exhibited the best performance with a sensitivity of 1.255 Hz/ppm and a detection limit of 2.46 ppm. Additionally, the sensor demonstrated good selectivity toward acetic acid gas compared to other gases, such as alcohol, acetone, BTX, amines, formaldehyde, and ammonia.

Kata Kunci : asam asetat, polivinil asetat, polivinilpirolidon, sensor QCM