Gambaran Pengetahuan, Sikap, dan Perilaku Apoteker Klinik terhadap Spontaneous Reporting Adverse Drug Reaction di Wilayah Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

Arsenda Septiana, Dr. apt. Fivy Kurniawati, M.Sc. ; apt. Marlyn Dian Laksitorini, M.Sc., Ph.D.

2026 | Skripsi | FARMASI

Spontaneous reporting (pelaporan spontan) merupakan bagian penting dari sistem farmakovigilans untuk mendeteksi dini efek samping obat dan meningkatkan keamanan penggunaannya. Apoteker klinik sebagai tenaga kefarmasian memiliki peran strategis dalam pelaksanaan spontaneous reporting ADR. Namun, partisipasi tenaga kesehatan dalam pelaporan spontan masih rendah, termasuk di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku apoteker klinik terhadap spontaneous reporting ADR di wilayah Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. 

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional dengan desain deskriptif kuantitatif menggunakan pendekatan cross-sectional yang dilaksanakan di wilayah Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan convenience sampling pada apoteker klinik yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan secara daring menggunakan kuesioner melalui Google Form yang disebarkan kepada responden. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif untuk menggambarkan tingkat pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku responden terhadap pelaporan ADR.

Penelitian ini melibatkan 98 responden dengan karakteristik mayoritas berjenis kelamin perempuan (86,73%), berusia 31–40 tahun (46,94%), memiliki pendidikan terakhir S1 Farmasi dan Profesi Apoteker (78,57%), bekerja di rumah sakit (81,63%), berada pada sektor privat/swasta (52,04%), memiliki pengalaman kerja 1–5 tahun (33,67%), serta berdomisili praktik di Kabupaten Sleman (36,73%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar responden memiliki tingkat pengetahuan tinggi (57,10%) dan seluruh responden menunjukkan sikap positif (100%) terhadap pelaporan ADR. Dari aspek perilaku, mayoritas responden (93,90%) telah melakukan pelaporan ADR, meskipun belum sepenuhnya dilakukan secara konsisten. Secara keseluruhan, pengetahuan dan sikap apoteker klinik terhadap pelaporan ADR sudah baik, namun implementasinya masih perlu ditingkatkan agar lebih konsisten. Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh faktor seperti keterbatasan waktu, beban kerja, dan kendala sistem pelaporan.

Spontaneous reporting is an essential component of the pharmacovigilance system to enable early detection of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and to enhance medication safety. Clinical pharmacists, as pharmaceutical care providers, play a strategic role in the implementation of spontaneous ADR reporting. However, the participation of healthcare professionals in spontaneous reporting remains relatively low, including in the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY). This study aimed to describe the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices of clinical pharmacists toward spontaneous ADR reporting in the DIY region.

This study was an observational study with a quantitative descriptive design using a cross-sectional approach conducted in the DIY region. The sampling technique employed was convenience sampling involving clinical pharmacists who met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected online using a questionnaire distributed through Google Forms. The collected data were analyzed descriptively to illustrate the respondents’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding ADR reporting.

This study involved 98 respondents, with the majority being female (86.73%), aged 31–40 years (46.94%), holding a Bachelor’s degree in Pharmacy and a professional pharmacist qualification (78.57%), working in hospitals (81.63%), employed in the private sector (52.04%), having 1–5 years of work experience (33.67%), and practicing in Sleman Regency (36.73%). The results showed that most respondents had a high level of knowledge (57.1%), and all respondents demonstrated positive attitudes (100%) toward ADR reporting. In terms of practice, the majority of respondents (93.9%) had reported ADRs, although the reporting was not yet fully consistent. Overall, clinical pharmacists demonstrated good knowledge and attitudes toward ADR reporting; however, its implementation still needs improvement to achieve greater consistency. This may be influenced by factors such as time constraints, workload, and limitations in the reporting system.

Kata Kunci : Spontaneous Reporting, Apoteker Klinik, Pengetahuan, Sikap, Perilaku