Nanokomposit g-C3N4/Co/TiO2–HAp untuk Fotodegradasi Malachite Green di bawah Sinar Tampak: Optimasi Konsentrasi Dopan Co
Rohma Auliya, Akhmad Syoufian, S.Si., Ph.D. ; Prof. Dr.rer.nat. Karna Wijaya, M.Eng.
2026 | Skripsi | KIMIA
This research was conducted to synthesis g-C3N4/Co/TiO2–HAp nanocomposites and evaluate the effect of Co dopant concentration on their photocatalytic activity in the photodegradation of malachite green (MG) under visible light irradiation. Co/TiO2–HAp nanocomposite was synthesised using sol gel method through the reaction of titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP), hydroxyapatite (HAp), and cobalt (Co) dopants with various concentrations of 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9% (w/w Ti). The best Co dopant variation was then composited with g-C3N4 to form g-C3N4/Co/TiO2–HAp nanocomposite. Material characterization was carried out using XRD, FTIR, SRUV-Vis, FESEM–EDX, and TEM–SAED. The MG photodegradation test was conducted by optimizing the pH of the MG solution, the mass of the g-C3N4/Co/TiO2–HAp photocatalyst, the initial concentration of the MG solution, the irradiation time, the type of light, and the reusability test for up to three cycles. XRD analysis results indicated the presence of anatase TiO2, hexagonal HAp, and hexagonal g-C3N4 phases with good crystallinity. FTIR analysis showed the formation of typical Ti–O–Ti absorption bands from TiO2, phosphate groups (PO43-) from HAp, and characteristic vibrations of g-C3N4 indicating the successful nanocomposite formation. FESEM results showed irregular and agglomerated particle morphology, while EDX analysis confirmed the presence of Ti, O, Ca, P, Co, C, and N elements. TEM analysis indicated that the particles were in the nanometer scale with relatively homogeneous distribution, whereas the SAED pattern exhibited diffraction rings indicating the crystalline nature of the material. UV-Vis DRS analysis showed that Co doping successfully reduced the band gap energy (Eg) of TiO2–HAp, with the optimum condition achieved at 5% Co concentration. The g-C3N4/Co 5%/TiO2–HAp nanocomposite had an Eg value of 2.14 eV, indicating its activity under visible light irradiation. The optimum condition for MG photodegradation were obtained at pH 5, photocatalyst mass of 20 mg in 50 mL MG solution, initial MG concentration of 10 mg/L, and an irradiation time of 70 min under visible light with a degradation efficiency of 99.14% and a reaction rate constant of 0.0595 min-1. The g-C3N4/Co/TiO2–HAp photocatalyst has good reusability for three cycles with a photodegradation efficiency of 91.00% after the third uses.
Kata Kunci : doping, fotokatalis, malachite green, nanokomposit, sinar tampak