Pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku pencegahan penyakit gigi orangtua terhadap karies gigi anak :: Studi di Kabupaten Fakfak

RUMAROPEN, Ismail, drg. Sri Ediati, M.Kes

2005 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang: Penyakit gigi diderita oleh hampir 90% penduduk Indonesia. Tingginya angka kerusakan gigi diberbagai wilayah termasuk Kabupaten Fakfak. Laporan Dinkes setempat memperlihatkan bahwa lebih dari 64% anak-anak di daerah ini menderita Karies gigi. Upaya pencegahan karies gigi pada usia dini perlu mendapat perhatian serius. Peran orangtua dalam upaya pencegahan menjadi faktor penguat penting. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji hubungan antara pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku orangtua terhadap karies gigi pada anak. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian mengunakan rancangan cross-secsional dan dilakukan di Kabupaten Fakfak Propinsi Papua. Sample penelitian adalah orangtua siswa SD kelas 1, 2 dan 3 yang diambil dengan mengunakan tehnik cluster Sampling dengan jumlah Total smpel 413. Analisis dengan kajian diskriptif dan uji korelasi mengunakan Spearman Rho (p=0,05). Data diinterpretasikan dengan bantuan tabulasi silang dan grafik. Hasil Penelitian: 90,56% anak-anak SD menderita karies gigi. Sebagian besar responden (66,1%) memiliki pengetahuan yang kurang atau sangat kurang dalam pencegahan karies gigi anak. 43,8% responden ternyata memiliki sikap yang mendukung untuk melakukan pencegahan. Sebanyak 75,3% responden memiliki perilaku yang mendukung terhadap pencegahan. Hasil uji statistik memperlihatkan adanya hubungan signifikan antara tingkat pengetahuan dan status karies gigi (p=0,05) demikian juga untuk sikap dan perilaku, meskipun demikian jika dilihat dari koefisien korelasinya maka hubungan tersebut memiliki keterkaitan yang lemah. Kesimpulan: Presentase karies gigi anak SD cukup tinggi. Sebagian besar orangtua memiliki pengetahuan yang kurang mendukung meskipun sikap dan perilakunya cukup baik. Pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku orangtua merupakan faktor yang terkait dengan karies gigi pada anak.

Backgraund: Disease dental carries is suffered by almost of 90% Indonesia communities. The rate of dental destruction occurred in various areas included district of Fakfak. The report of local Health Provincial office showed thant more than 64% of children in the area suffered from dental carries. The have serios anttention Parents, role in the prevention effor becomes important strengthening factor. The aim of this research was to find out the relationship between knowledge, attitude and behavior of parents toward the inciden of dental carries in children. Method: this research used cross sectional desingn and implemented in the district of Fakfak Province of Papua. The sample of the research was parents of primery school grade 1,2 and who were chosen by using cluster-samling techique with total sample of 413. Analysis with descriptive observation and corelation test used asistence of frequency tabulation, cross tabulation and graphic. Result: More than 90% of primery school children sufferend from dental carries. Most of the respondents (66,1%) had lack of knowledge or very lack in preventing children dental carries. In fact, 43,8% of the respondents had supportive attitude for prevention. 73,3% of the respondents also had supportive behavior toward the prevention. the result of statistic test showed that there was a significant relationship between knowledge level and dental carries status (p=0,05) also for attitude and behavior, hewever, if it is seen from the coefficient corelation, the relationship was weak. Conclusion: Dental carries percentage of primery school children queite high. Most of the parents had lack supportive knowledge althogh the attitude and behavior was quite fine. Indeed, knowledge, attitude and behavior of parents were factors were factors than mostly related with dental carries in children.

Kata Kunci : Perilaku Sehat,Karies Gigi Anak,Sikap dan Pengetahuan Orang Tua