Program promosi kesehatan dalam upaya pencegahan penyakit rabies di Kabupaten Rejang lebong Propinsi Bengkulu

PUTRA, Agung Gunawan Catur, dr. Andung Prihadi Santosa, M.Kes

2005 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat

Latar Belakang. Kasus gigitan hewan tersangka rabies (GHTR) di Kabupaten Rejang Lebong tahun 2003 adalah tertinggi jika dibandingkan dengan kabupaten lain yang ada di Propinsi Bengkulu. Jumlah orang yang digigit hewan penyebar rabies sebanyak 178 orang, dan yang diberi vaksin anti rabies hanya 71 orang (40%). Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan pemahaman masyarakat tentang rabies adalah melalui kader kesehatan. Penyuluhan rabies bagi kader kesehatan diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan perilaku kader kesehatan dalam upaya pencegahan rabies bersama masyarakat di wilayahnya. Tujuan penelitian. Untuk mengetahui efektivitas promosi kesehatan berupa: penyuluhan kesehatan, diskusi kelompok, dan pemberian leaflet tentang pencegahan rabies dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan dan perilaku kader kesehatan yang berkaitan dengan pencegahan rabies di Kabupaten Rejang Lebong. Metode penelitian. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimen semu (quasi-experimental) dengan rancangan non-equivalent control group design with pre-test and posttest. Populasi adalah seluruh kader kesehatan. Jumlah sampel 90 orang terbagi dalam 3 kelompok yaitu kelompok kader daerah urban, daerah sub urban, dan daerah rural. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner pengetahuan dan perilaku. Analisis data menggunakan uji statistik paired sample t-test, Oneway Anova dan LSD (Least significant different). Hasil penelitian. Karakteristik responden pada ketiga kelompok menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna. Uji paired sample t-test menunjukkan ada peningkatan pengetahuan dan perilaku yang bermakna pada ketiga kelompok sampel. Hasil oneway anova pengetahuan menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang bermakna pada ketiga kelompok sampel, sedangkan untuk perilaku menunjukkan tidak adanya perbedaan yang bermakna. Hasil LSD pengetahuan menunjukkan hasil yang bermakna untuk daerah urban dan rural, sementara untuk daerah urban dan sub urban, serta sub urban dengan rural menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna. Kesimpulan. Promosi kesehatan berupa penyuluhan, diskusi kelompok dan leaflet, mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan dan perilaku kader di daerah urban, sub urban, dan rural.

Background. The case of bites by rabies suspectub - animals (HPR) in the districts of Rejang Lebong in the year of 2003 was the highest compared with other district in the province of Bengkulu. The number of people who were bitten by rabies animal was 178 people.1 amory which were naccinated bitten districts rabies was only 71 people (40%). One of the efforts to improve community’s knowledge and understanding about rabies was through health cadre. The information of rabies for health cadre is expected could improve their knowledge and behavior in the preventie effort on rabies along with the community in the area. Objective. The study was conducted to find out the effectiveness of health promotion such as with health information, group discussion and giving leaflet about rabies prevention in improving knowledge and behavior of health cadre that was related with rabies prevention in the district of Rejang Lebong. Method. This study was a quasi-experimental design that of non-equivalent control group with pre-test and posttest. The population consists of all health cadres. The number of the sample was 90 people who were divided into 3 groups that was cadre group of urban area, sub urban area and rural area.Data were collected using questioner in the knowledge and behavior of the respondents.Ained sample t – test, oneway analysis of variance (anova) and least siqnificant difference (LSD) were used to analyze. Data was collected by using questioner of knowledge and behavior. Data analyses used were paired sample t-test, oneway analysis of variance (anova) and least siqnificant difference (LSD). Result. The characteristic of respondent in the three groups showed that there was no significant difference. The paired sample t-test showed that there was a significant improvement on knowledge and behavior in the three sample groups. The result of oneway anova of knowledge showed that there was a significant difference in the three groups. The result of LSD knowledge showed that a significant result for urban and rural area, while for urban and sub urban, sub urban and rural showed that there was no significant difference. Conclusion. Health extension, group discussion and the use of leaflets as parts of health promotion were found to be effective to improve knowledge and behavior of cadre in the urban, sub urban, and rural areas.

Kata Kunci : Perilaku Sehat,Promosi,Pencegahan Rabies