Analisis Keragaman Genetik Ikan Tenggiri (Scomberomorus) Asal Palembang, Gresik, Kupang, Morowali Utara, dan Fakfak Berdasarkan Gen ATP Synthase 6

Jasmin Izzati Raziqalsy, Prof. Dr. drh. Rini Widayanti, M. P.

2026 | Skripsi | KEDOKTERAN HEWAN

Indonesia memiliki keragaman hayati laut yang sangat tinggi. Kondisi ini membuat Indonesia menjadi salah satu eksportir hasil laut terbesar di dunia salah satunya hasil perikanan yaitu ikan tenggiri dari famili Scombridae. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk analisis keragaman genetik dan hubungan kekerabatan ikan tenggiri berdasarkan gen ATP Synthase 6 yang terdapat pada mitokondria. Sebanyak 12 sampel ikan tenggiri yang digunakan berasal dari Palembang, Gresik, Kupang, Morowali Utara, dan Fakfak. Sampel yang telah diisolasi DNA-nya kemudian diamplifikasi menggunakan teknik Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Produk hasil amplifikasi disekuensing menggunakan metode Sanger Sequencing. Hasil sekuensing diperoleh pita DNA berukuran 1072 bp yang selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan aplikasi Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) versi 11. Berdasarkan hasil analisis didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa sampel ikan tenggiri asal Palembang, Gresik, Kupang, Morowali Utara, dan Fakfak memiliki gen ATP synthase 6 dengan panjang 684 nukleotida (228 asam amino) memiliki variasi 124 situs nukleotida (10 situs asam amino). Sampel asal Palembang (1, 2, 3), Gresik (1 & 2), Kupang (1, 2, 3), dan Morowali Utara memiliki kekerabatan spesies pembanding Scomberomorus commerson KSMJ-3 (PP437202.1) dengan jarak genetik antar sampel yang diuji dengan spesies pembanding berkisar antara 0,0015 hingga 0,0163. Sampel ikan tenggiri asal Fakfak (1, 2, 3) memiliki kekerabatan dengan spesies pembanding Scomberomorus semifasciatus strain GREY-SsPD211135 (NC_021391.1) dan Scomberomorus munroi x Scomberomorus semifasciatus strain GREY-SSCRC0736 (JX559743.1) dengan jarak genetik sampel yang diuji dengan spesies pembanding berkisar antara 0,0000 hingga 0,0015.

Indonesian has a very high level of marine biodiversity. This condition makes Indonesia one of the world's largest exporters of marine products, one of which is from the Scombridae family. This study aims to analyze the genetic diversity and kinship of mackerel based on the ATP Synthase 6 gene found in mitochondria. A total of 12 mackerel samples were collected from Palembang, Gresik, Kupang, North Morowali, and Fakfak. The samples were isolates for DNA extraction and amplified using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. The amplification products were sequenced using the Sanger Sequencing method. The sequencing results obtained a DNA band measuring 1072 bp, which was then analyzed using the Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) application version 11. Based on the analysis results, it was concluded that mackerel samples from Palembang, Gresik, Kupang, North Morowali, and Fakfak had an ATP Syntahse 6 gene with a length of 684 nucleotides (228 amino acids) and 124 nucleotide site variations (10 amino acid sites). Samples from Palembang (1, 2, 3), Gresik (1 & 2), Kupang (1, 2, 3) and North Morowali had a genetic distance between the test samples and the reference species Scomberomorus commerson KSMJ-3 (PP437202.1), with genetic distances between the test samples and the reference species ranging from 0,0015 to 0,0163. The Spanish mackerel samples from Fakfak (1, 2, 3) are related to the reference species Scomberomorus semifasciatus strain GREY-SsPD211135 (NC_021391.1) and  Scomberomorus munroi x Scomberomorus semifasciatus strain GREY-SSCRC0736 (JX559743.1) with a genetic distance between the tested samples and the reference species ranging from 0,0000 to 0,0015.  

Kata Kunci : gen ATP synthase 6, ikan tenggiri, PCR, Scomberomorus sp, ATP synthase 6 gene, mackerel fish, PCR, Scomberomorus sp