POTENSI Beauveria bassiana YANG DIINKORPORASIKAN DALAM UMPAN PROTEIN SEBAGAI BIOINSEKTISIDA UNTUK PENGENDALIAN Bactrocera carambolae (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Eva Monica Wibisono, Dr. Suputa, S.P., M.P. ; Ahmad Suparmin, S.P., M.AgrSc, Ph.D.

2026 | Skripsi | ILMU HAMA & PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN

Lalat buah  Bactrocera carambolae  merupakan salah satu  hama penting pada tanaman hortikultura yang dapat menyebabkan penurunan kualitas dan kuantitas hasil panen. Pengendalian yang masih  bergantung pada pestisida kimia mendorong perlunya alternatif  pengendalian yang lebih ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini  bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi  efektivitas campuran B. bassiana dan umpan protein terhadap mortalitas B. carambolae, serta menganalisis perbedaan kerentanan lalat buah jantan dan betina terhadap perlakuan tersebut. Penelitian  dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Invertebrata dan Laboratorium Pengendalian Hayati, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Gadjah Mada pada November 2025 hingga Maret 2026 menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan empat perlakuan dan tujuh ulangan, yaitu kontrol, umpan protein, suspensi  B. bassiana, serta campuran B. bassiana  dan umpan protein. Penelitian ini menguji mortalitas 10 ekor imago jantan dan betina B. carambolae matang seksual di dalam wadah 200 ml menggunakan metode kontak dan pakan pada daun jambu biji yang disemprot suspensi campuran umpan protein dan B. bassiana. Pengamatan dilakukan selama 14 hari dengan pembanding kontrol negatif berupa akuades dan umpan protein saja serta kontrol positif berupa B. bassiana  1×106 konidia/ml. Berdasarkan analisis data pengamatan, perlakuan B. bassiana tunggal dan campuran B. bassiana dengan umpan protein menghasilkan mortalitas B. carambolae yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan  perlakuan kontrol dan umpan protein tunggal. Namun, hasil uji DMRT menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan campuran B. bassiana dan umpan protein tidak berbeda nyata dibandingkan aplikasi B. bassiana tunggal. Meskipun demikian, perlakuan campuran menunjukkan pola mortalitas yang lebih progresif sehingga berpotensi meningkatkan konsistensi paparan konidia terhadap lalat buah. Dengan demikian, formulasi campuran B. bassiana dan umpan protein berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai strategi pengendalian hayati lalat buah yang ramah lingkungan. 

The fruit fly Bactrocera carambolae is an important pest in horticultural crops that can cause a decrease in the quality and quantity of harvests. Control that still relies on chemical pesticides encourages the need for more environmentally friendly control alternatives. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a mixture of B. bassiana and protein bait on the mortality of B. carambolae, and to analyze the differences in susceptibility of male and female fruit flies to these treatments. The study was conducted at the Invertebrate Laboratory and Biological Control Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah Mada University from November 2025 to March 2026 using a Completely Randomized Design with four treatments and seven replications, namely control, protein bait, B. bassiana suspension, and a mixture of B. bassiana and protein bait. This study tested the mortality of 10 sexually mature male and female B. carambolae imago in a 200 ml container using the contact and feeding methods on guava leaves sprayed with a suspension of a mixture of protein bait and B. bassiana. Observations were conducted for 14 days with a negative control comparison in the form of distilled water and protein bait alone and a positive control in the form of B. bassiana 1×106 conidia/ml. Based on the analysis of observation data, the treatment of single B. bassiana and a mixture of B. bassiana with protein bait resulted in higher mortality of B. carambolae compared to the control treatment and single protein bait. However, the results of the DMRT test showed that the mixture treatment of B. bassiana and protein bait was not significantly different from the single application of B. bassiana. Nevertheless, the mixture treatment showed a more progressive mortality pattern, thus potentially increasing the consistency of conidia exposure to fruit flies. Thus, the mixture formulation of B. bassiana and protein bait has the potential to be developed as an environmentally friendly biological control strategy for fruit flies.

Kata Kunci : Bactocera carambolae, Beauveria bassiana, bioinsektisida, umpan protein , mortalitas