Gambaran Kompetensi Perawat dalam Penerapan Patient Safety di Instalasi Gawat Darurat dan Intensive Care Unit Rumah Sakit Akademik UGM

Arifah Rinno Ibtisamah, Ardani Latifah Hanum, S.Kep., Ns., M.Sc. ; Martina Sinta Kristanti, S.Kep., Ns., M.N., Ph.D.

2026 | Skripsi | ILMU KEPERAWATAN

Latar Belakang: Patient safety merupakan aspek krusial untuk menurunkan risiko cedera dan kejadian tidak diharapkan pada pasien. Perawat sebagai tenaga kesehatan dengan proporsi terbesar di rumah sakit memiliki peran sentral dalam penerapan keselamatan pasien. Kompetensi perawat berkontribusi terhadap kualitas penerapan patient safety. Namun, karakteristik unit dengan kompleksitas tinggi seperti Instalasi Gawat Darurat (IGD) dan Intensive Care Unit (ICU) dapat memengaruhi konsistensi penerapannya, sehingga diperlukan evaluasi kompetensi perawat pada kedua unit tersebut.

Tujuan Penelitian: Menganalisis gambaran kompetensi perawat di IGD dan ICU RSA UGM dalam penerapan patient safety berdasarkan karakteristik demografi serta mengidentifikasi perbedaan kompetensi antara kedua unit tersebut.

Metode: Penelitian deskriptif komparatif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan desain cross-sectional. Penelitian dilakukan pada 133 responden perawat IGD dan ICU RSA UGM. Pengukuran menggunakan instrumen The Nurses’ Patient Safety Competencies Questionnaire. Analisis data meliputi univariat dan bivariat menggunakan software SPSS.

Hasil: Rata-rata kompetensi patient safety pada perawat IGD dan ICU sebesar 3,51  (SD = 0,37). Di IGD, skor tertinggi terdapat pada usia 31–40 tahun, masa kerja >10 tahun, serta meningkat seiring jabatan profesional. Di ICU, skor tertinggi terdapat pada usia 21–40 tahun dan masa kerja 6–10 tahun. Di kedua unit, skor lebih tinggi ditemukan pada perawat perempuan, pendidikan Ners, dan memiliki pengalaman pelatihan patient safety. Uji beda menunjukkan perbedaan kompetensi antara perawat IGD dan ICU (p=0,020), dengan skor perawat IGD lebih tinggi.

Kesimpulan: Kompetensi penerapan patient safety pada perawat IGD dan ICU menunjukkan variasi skor berdasarkan karakteristik demografi, serta ditemukan perbedaan kompetensi antara perawat IGD dan ICU di RSA UGM.

Background: Patient safety is a crucial aspect in reducing the risk of injury and adverse events in patients. Nurses, as the largest healthcare workforce in hospitals, play a central role in implementing patient safety. Nurse competence contributes to the quality of patient safety implementation. However, the characteristics of highly complex units, such as the Emergency Department (ED) and Intensive Care Unit (ICU), can impact the consistency of their implementation, necessitating an evaluation of nurse competence in both units. 

Objective: Analyzing nurse competencies in the Emergency Department and Intensive Care Unit of RSA UGM in implementing patient safety, based on demographic characteristics, and identifying differences in competency between the two units. 

Method: This study was a quantitative, descriptive, comparative study with a cross sectional design. The participants were 133 nurses working in the Emergency Department (ED) and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) at Gadjah Mada University Hospital (RSA UGM). Data were collected using the Nurses’ Patient Safety Competencies Questionnaire. Data analysis comprised descriptive statistics (univariate analysis) and bivariate analysis using SPSS software. 

Result: The mean patient safety competency score among ED and ICU nurses was 3.51 (SD = 0.37). In the ED, the highest scores were observed among nurses aged 31–40 years, with more than 10 years of service, and increased according to professional position. In the ICU, the highest scores were observed among nurses aged 21–40 years with 6–10 years of service. In both units, higher scores were found among female nurses, those with a nursing degree, and those who had received patient safety training. Mann-Whitney test showed a significant difference in competency between ED and ICU nurses (p = 0.020), with ED nurses scoring higher. 

Conclusion: Patient safety competency varied by demographic characteristics, and a significant difference in competency was observed between ED and ICU nurses at RSA UGM.

Kata Kunci : ICU, IGD, Kompetensi Perawat, Patient Safety