HUBUNGAN ANTARA HEALTH LOCUS OF CONTROL DENGAN MANAJEMEN DIRI PADA LANSIA HIPERTENSI DI PUSKESMAS SEWON 1, BANTUL, YOGYAKARTA

Nabila Najma Kamila, Dwi Harjanto, S.Kp., M.Sc

2026 | Skripsi | ILMU KEPERAWATAN

Latar belakang: Hipertensi merupakan salah satu penyakit kronis yang banyak dialami oleh lansia dan memerlukan manajemen diri yang baik untuk mencegah komplikasi. Namun, kemampuan manajemen diri pada lansia hipertensi masih belum optimal sehingga diperlukan identifikasi faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya, termasuk faktor psikologis. Salah satu faktor yang diduga berperan adalah Health Locus of Control (HLOC), yaitu keyakinan individu mengenai sumber kendali terhadap kesehatannya. Meskipun beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa HLOC dapat memengaruhi perilaku pengelolaan kesehatan, hasil penelitian terkait hubungannya dengan manajemen diri pada lansia hipertensi masih belum konsisten dan penelitian pada populasi lansia hipertensi di Indonesia masih terbatas, sehingga hubungan kedua variabel tersebut perlu diteliti lebih lanjut.

Tujuan penelitian: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara Health Locus of Control dengan manajemen diri pada lansia dengan hipertensi di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Sewon I, Bantul, Yogyakarta.

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross sectional yang melibatkan 108 responden lansia dengan hipertensi di Puskesmas Sewon I, Bantul, Yogyakarta pada Februari-Maret 2026 dengan menggunakan teknik stratified random sampling untuk menentukan wilayah dan consecutive sampling untuk menentukan sampel berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan ekskulsi. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner Multidimentional Health Locus of Control Form-C (MHLOC-C) dan Hypertension Self-Management Behavior Questionnaire (HSMBQ). Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji korelasi Pearson Product Moment.

Hasil: Lansia sebanyak 65,7% (n=71) memiliki health locus of control yang sedang dan sebanyak 72,2% (n=78) memiliki manajemen diri dalam kategori sedang. Analisis uji korelasi antara health locus of control dan manajemen diri menunjukkan koefisien korelasi (r)= 0,149 dengan nilai signifikansi (p)=0,123. 

Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara health locus of control dengan manajemen diri pada lansia hipertensi di Puskesmas Sewon I, Bantul, Yogyakarta. 

Kata kunci: Health Locus of Control, Manajemen Diri, Lansia, Hipertensi

Background: Hypertension is one of the most prevalent chronic conditions among older adults and requires effective self-management to prevent complications. However, self-management among older adults with hypertension remains suboptimal, highlighting the need to identify factors that may influence this behavior, including psychological factors. One such factor is Health Locus of Control (HLOC), which refers to an individual's beliefs regarding the source of control over their health outcomes. Although previous studies have suggested that HLOC may influence health management behaviors, findings regarding its relationship with self-management among older adults with hypertension remain inconsistent. Furthermore, research examining this relationship in the Indonesian older adult population is still limited. Therefore, further investigation is needed to better understand the relationship between HLOC and self-management among older adults with hypertension.

Objective:This study aimed to examine the relationship between Health Locus of Control and self-management among elderly patients with hypertension in the working area of Sewon I Primary Health Care Center.

Method: This study used a cross-sectional design involving 108 elderly participants with hypertension conducted between February and March 2026. They were selected through stratified random sampling and consecutive sampling techniques. Data were collected using the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Form C (MHLOC-C) Questionnaire and the Hypertension Self-Management Behavior Questionnaire (HSMBQ). Data analysis was performed using the Pearson Product Moment correlation test.

Result: The study found that 65,7% (n=71) of the elderly participants had a moderate health locus of control, and 72,2% (n=78) exhibited a moderate level of self-management. Correlation analysis between health locus of control and self-management showed a correlation coefficient (r) of 0,149 with a significance value (p) of 0,123. 

Conclusion:There is no significant correlation between health locus of control and self-management among elderly patients with hypertension at the Sewon I Public Health Center, Bantul, Yogyakarta.

Keywords: Health Locus of Control, Self-Management, Elderly, Hypertension

Kata Kunci : Health Locus of Control, Manajemen Diri, Lansia, Hipertensi