Persepsi Stakeholder terhadap pengembangan Jaminan Pemeliharaan Kesehatan Masyarakat di Kabupaten Bengkulu Utara Propinsi Bengkulu
MARDIAH, dr. Kristiani, SU
2005 | Tesis | S2 Ilmu Kesehatan MasyarakatLatar Belakang: Program Jaminan Pemeliharaan Kesehatan Masyarakat (JPKM) di kabupaten Bengkulu Utara sudah lama dilaksanakan, tetapi pelaksanaannya di tingkat kecamatan yaitu 6 kecamatan dalam bentuk pra Bapel dan sudah mempunyai 5 pra Bapel yang berbadan hukum. Paket pelayanan yang diberikan hanya rawat jalan tingkat I di Puskesmas, sedangkan rawat jalan tingkat lanjutan dan rawat inap di rumah sakit belum dilaksanakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran pengetahuan, sikap, harapan dan persepsi stakeholder terhadap pengembangan program JPKM di kabupaten Bengkulu Utara. Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif kualitatif dengan rancangan studi kasus. Sampel dipilih secara purposive sampling dengan subyek penelitian stakeholder internal (pra Bapel di kecamatan), dan stakeholder eksternal yaitu Bapim, lembaga eksekutif dan lembaga legislatif di Kabupaten Bengkulu Utara. Variabel yang diteliti yaitu pengetahuan, sikap, harapan dan persepsi stakeholder terhadap pengembangan JPKM di kabupaten Bengkulu Utara. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan Diskusi Kelompok Terarah (DKT), wawancara mendalam dan observasi. Hasil: Stakeholder internal mempunyai pengetahuan yang baik terhadap pelaksanaan program JPKM. Stakeholder eksternal yaitu Bapim di lingkungan kesehatan mempunyai pengetahuan yang baik terhadap pelaksanaan program JPKM, sedangkan stakeholder eksternal yaitu Bapim di luar kesehatan, lembaga eksekutif dan lembaga legislatif pengetahuannya masih kurang. Sikap stakeholder semuanya mendukung terhadap pengembangan program JPKM di tingkat kabupaten. Semua stakeholder mempunyai harapan untuk pengembangan program JPKM di kabupaten Bengkulu Utara. Stakeholder mempunyai persepsi yang positif terhadap pengembangan program JPKM, tapi dalam mempersepsikan pengembangan program JPKM berbeda-beda. Kesimpulan: Tidak semua stakeholder mempunyai pengetahuan yang baik tentang program JPKM, tetapi semua stakeholder mempunyai sikap mendukung dan harapan terhadap pengembangan program JPKM. Semua stakeholder mendukung untuk membentuk Bapel di kabupaten, dan stakeholder mempunyai persepsi yang positif terhadap pengembangan program JPKM di tingkat kabupaten.
Background: The Community Health Care Insurance Program (JPKM) at Bengkulu Utara District has been implemented at 6 subdistricts by pre insurance carrier (pra Bapel), 5 of which have been legally registered. Service packages provided are still limited to level 1 service for outpatients at Community Health Centers. It has not covered any further level of service for outpatients or inpatients at hospitals. Objective: The objective of the study was to describe knowledge, attitudes, expectations and perceptions of stakeholders about the development of the Community Health Care Insurance Program (JPKM) at Bengkulu Utara District. Methods: This research was descriptive qualitative, based on case studies. Samples were purposively selected with stakeholders as the subjects of the study. They comprised internal stakeholders (pra Bapel) at subdistricts, and external stakeholders consisting of the supervising board (Bapim), executive board and parliamentary board at Bengkulu Utara District. Variables observed were knowledge, attitude, expectation and perception of stakeholders’ about the development of the Community Health Care Insurance Program (JPKM) at Bengkulu Utara District. Data were collected through focus group discussion (FGD), indepth interviews and observation. Results: Both internal and external stakeholders, i. e. Bapim from the health sector had good knowledge about the implementation of the Community Health Care Insurance Program (JPKM), whereas external stakeholders, i. e. Bapim outside of the health sector, the executive board and parliamentary board did not have much knowledge about it. All stakeholders were supportive about the development of the program at district level. They all had expectation for its development. All showed good perception about the program, although the perception differed from one to another. Conclusion: Not all stakeholders had good knowledge about the Community Health Care Insurance Program (JPKM), but all had a supportive attitude and expectation for the program development. All stakeholders supported the establishment of a insurance carrier (Bapel) at district level, although their perception differed from one to another.
Kata Kunci : Pembiayaan Kesehatan,JPKM,Persepsi Stakeholder
