Deteksi Toxoplasma gondii Terhadap Muskulus dan Otak Ayam Kampung yang Dijual di Pasar Tradisional Kapanewon Piyungan, Kabupaten Bantul Menggunakan Polymerase Chain Reaction

Latifa Arundati, Dr. drh. Aris Purwantoro, M.Si.

2026 | Skripsi | KEDOKTERAN HEWAN

Toksoplasmosis merupakan penyakit zoonosis akibat infeksi Toxoplasma gondii yang menyerang manusia dan hewan berdarah panas. Infeksinya melalui jalur transplasental maupun akibat tertelannya oosista atau kista jaringan pada makanan dan minuman yang tercemar. Salah satu hospes intermediatnya adalah ayam kampung yang menjadi sumber protein utama di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeteksi infeksi T. gondii menggunakan metode polymerase chain reaction (PCR) pada ayam kampung yang dijual di pasar tradisional. Lima sampel terdiri dari muskulus dan otak ayam kampung didapatkan dari Pasar Panasan, Pasar Srimartani, dan Pasar Piyungan, Kapanewon Piyungan, Kabupaten Bantul. Teknik PCR digunakan untuk mengamplifikasi isolat DNA gen B1 Toxoplasma gondii dengan panjang 409 bp. Amplikon selanjutnya dielektroforesis dan divisualisasikan menggunakan transilluminator ultraviolet. Elektroferogram semua sampel tidak menunjukkan adanya pita DNA 409 bp, sehingga disimpulkan semua sampel dinyatakan negatif terinfeksi T. gondiii.

Toxoplasmosis is a foodborne zoonotic disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii, which infect humans and warm-blooded animals. Humans can acquire the infection through ingestion of oocyst and tissue cysts in contaminated food or water, as well as via the transplacental route. Free-range chickens serve as one of the intermediate hosts of T. gondii and are also an important source of protein for humans. This study aimed to detect T. gondii infection in free-range chickens sold at traditional markets using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. Five samples, consisting of muscle and brain tissues, were collected from Panasan, Srimartani, and Piyungan Market, Piyungan District, Bantul Regency. PCR was carried out by amplifying the B1 gene of T. gondii targeted 409 bp. The amplicons were subsequently analyzed by electrophoresis and visualized under an ultraviolet transilluminator. The electrophoresis result of all samples show no 409 bp DNA band. Therefore, it can be concluded that none of the samples were infected with Toxoplasma gondii.

Kata Kunci : ayam kampung, Kabupaten Bantul, pasar tradisional, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Toxoplasma gondii, free-range chicken, Piyungan District, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Toxoplasma gondii, traditional market