Profil Komparatif Morfologis dan Histologis Ovarium Ayam Elba dan Kedu [Gallus gallus gallus (Linnaeus, 1758)] Pada Usia 2 Minggu dan 1 Bulan

Alfa Rizki Fatkhurohman, Prof. Dr.med.vet. drh. Hendry T.S.S.G. Saragih, M.P.

2026 | Skripsi | BIOLOGI

Indonesia memiliki berbagai plasma nutfah ayam lokal penghasil telur, tetapi produktivitas telurnya masih lebih rendah dibandingkan ayam ras petelur. Perbedaan ini diduga terkait dengan perkembangan folikel dan profil ovarium. Studi ovarium telah banyak dilakukan pada ayam ras seperti Hy-line brown, tetapi data untuk ayam lokal Indonesia masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui, menganalisis, dan membandingkan karakter morfometris tubuh serta profil morfologis dan histologis ovarium ayam elba dan Kedu pada usia 2 minggu dan 1 bulan. Ayam diukur morfometri tubuhnya, kemudian dibedah dan diisolasi ovariumnya. Setelah itu, dilakukan pengukuran ovarium dilanjutkan pembuatan preparat histologis. Parameter yang digunakan meliputi morfometri tubuh, berat, IGS, panjang, dan lebar ovarium, persentase jenis folikel, serta diameter folikel terbesar. Analisis data dilakukan dengan independent sample t test, Mann-whitney U test, dan one way ANOVA dengan signifikansi P?0,05. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa morfometri tubuh ayam Kedu lebih besar daripada ayam elba pada usia 2 minggu dan 1 bulan, kecuali pada parameter panjang leher dan tinggi badan. Secara makroanatomis, ovarium ayam Kedu pada usia 2 minggu berukuran lebih besar dibandingkan ayam elba, yaitu dengan berat, panjang, dan lebar ovarium masing-masing sebesar 0,12±0,02 g; 9,65±0,62 mm; dan 5,91±0,40 mm. Namun, IGS ayam elba lebih besar daripada ayam Kedu. Pada usia 1 bulan, tidak ada perbedaan signifikan pada berat, IGS, panjang, dan lebar ovarium antara ayam elba dan Kedu. Secara histologis, ditemukan folikel primordial dan primer pada ayam elba dan Kedu, baik usia 2 minggu maupun 1 bulan. Pada usia 2 minggu, ayam Kedu menunjukkan persentase folikel primordial yang lebih rendah dan folikel primer yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan ayam elba, yaitu sebesar 89,26% (primordial) dan 10,74% (primer). Pada usia 1 bulan, tidak ada perbedaan signifikan pada persentase folikel primordial, primer, dan atresia antara ayam elba dan Kedu. Kesimpulannya adalah secara morfometris, ayam Kedu menunjukkan perkembangan somatis yang lebih cepat dibandingkan ayam elba. Di sisi lain, ovarium ayam Kedu menunjukkan perkembangan lebih progresif secara makroanatomis pada usia 2 minggu. Sementara itu, secara histologis ayam Kedu memiliki profil folikel yang setara dengan ayam elba pada usia 1 bulan.

Indonesia possesses a rich diversity of indigenous chicken genetic resources used for egg production, however their egg productivity remains lower than that of commercial laying breeds. This difference is presumed to be associated with follicular development and ovarian profiles. Ovarian studies have been widely conducted in commercial breeds such as Hy-line brown, however data regarding Indonesian indigenous chickens are still limited. This study aimed to identify, analyze, and compare the body morphometric characteristics as well as the morphological and histological ovarian profiles of elba and Kedu chickens at 2 weeks and 1 month of age. Body morphometry was measured prior to dissection and ovary isolation. Subsequently, ovarian measurements and histological slide preparations were performed. The observed parameters included body morphometry, ovarian weight, GSI, ovarian length, and width, the percentage of follicle types, and the diameter of the largest follicle. Data were analyzed using independent sample t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, and one-way ANOVA at a significance level of P?0.05. The results showed that the body morphometric measurements of Kedu chickens were generally greater than those of elba chickens at both 2 weeks and 1 month of age, except for neck length and body height. Macroscopically, the ovaries of Kedu chickens at 2 weeks of age were larger than those of elba chickens, with ovarian weight, length, and width of 0,12±0,02 g; 9,65±0,62 mm; and 5,91±0,40 mm respectively. However, the GSI of elba chickens was significantly higher than that of Kedu chickens at the same age. At 1 month of age, no significant differences were observed in ovarian weight, GSI, ovarian length, and width between elba and Kedu chickens. Histologically, primordial and primary follicles were identified in both elba and Kedu chickens at 2 weeks and 1 month of age. At 2 weeks of age, Kedu chickens exhibited a lower percentage of primordial follicles and a higher percentage of primary follicles than elba chickens, accounting for 89,26% (primordial) and 10,74% (primary). At 1 month of age, no significant differences were observed in the percentages of primordial, primary, and atretic follicles between elba and Kedu chickens. In conclusion, Kedu chickens exhibited more rapid somatic growth than elba chickens based on body morphometric characteristics. In addition, Kedu chickens exhibited more progressive ovarian development macroscopically at 2 weeks of age. Meanwhile, histologically, Kedu chickens showed follicular profiles similar to those of elba chickens at 1 month of age.

Kata Kunci : ovarium ayam, ayam lokal, perkembangan folikel, folikel primer, chicken ovary, native chicken, follicles development, primary follicles