Kajian Kemandirian peserta KB di desa Kalibeji kecamatan Tuntang kabupaten Semarang propinsi Jawa Tengah

Andreas Rengga, Dr. Supriyoko, M.Pd.; Prof. Drs. Kasto, M.A.

1995 | Tesis | S2 Kependudukan

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Kalibeji Kecamatan Tuntang Kabupaten Semarang Propinsi Jawa Tengah yang proporsi peserta KB Mandiri lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan pencapaian kecamatan (38 persen berbanding 33,0 persen). Tujuannya untuk mengkaji faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kemandirian KB responden. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sensus dengan mewawancarai 368 Pasangan Usia Subur pemakai kontrasepsi aktif di Desa Kalibeji. Data dianalisa dengan teknik analisa elaborasi dan regresi guna mengetahui sumbangan efektif kelima variabel pengaruh dalam membentuk kemandirian KB responden. Peneliti menemukan tuju puluh persen responden bersikap setuju dan tiga puluh persen menyatakan sikap tidak setuju (menolak). Mereka yang bersikap setuju memberikan alasan: 1. KB adalah tanggung jawab keluarga, 2. Ingin pelayanan yang bermutu, 3. Responden menghendaki kebebasan dalam pengaturan waktu serta tempat maupun pemilihan jenis alat kontrasepsi. Responden yang bersikap? tidak setuju mengajukan alasan: 1. Tempat pelayanan KB Mandiri seperti DPS (Dokter Praktek Swasta), apotik, klinik KB Swasta berada di luar desa Kalibeji, 2. Petugas (bidan) dan alat kontrasepsi pada tempat pelayanan pemerintah/masyarakat dinilai sama yang berbeda hanyalah waktu dan tempat pelayanan (sore - malam dan di rumah), 3. Banyak kader serta tokoh masyarakat memakai KB nasional (gratis), sehingga ada masyarakat berpandangan "selama masih ada yang gratis pelayanan mandiri (membayar) dapat ditunda", 4. Provider menetapkan tarip pelayanan KB lebih tinggi dari jangkauan responden berpenghasilan rendah. Konsep kemandirian KB adalah Keikutsertaan dalam memakai kontrasepsi atas inisiatif sendiri serta membayar. Berpijak pada konsep tersebut peneliti menemukan tiga kategori yakni kategori rendah: 22,5 persen, kategori sedang: 60,3 persen dan kategori tinggi atau peserta KB Mandiri sejumlah 17,2 persen. Peserta KB Mandiri hasil penelitian lebih rendah 20,8 persen bila dibandingkan dengan laporan PLKB Juni 1994. Perbedaan tersebut disebabkan oleh perbedaan konsep kemandirian KB. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada perbedaan meyakinkan antara banyaknya jumlah tahun sukses (JTS), JAMH serta tingginya kategori KIE-MM, KIE-TW serta pendapatan keluarga responden dengan peningkatan kemandirian KB responden. Hasil analisa regresi berganda membuktikan 37,12 persen terjadinya kemandirian KB disebabkan oleh lima variabel yang diangkat sebagai prediktor penelitian. Dengan demikian ada 63,0 persen yang ditentukan oleh faktor di luar penelitian seperti: umur, pekerjaan, jarak ke tempat pelayanan, mutu pelayanan, penteladanan tokoh/kader, fasilitas pelayanan KB.

This study was conducted in Kalibeji, Tuntang, Semarang, Central Java, whose autonomous family planning participants were of higher achievement in this village than subdistrict (38% : 33.0%). The purpose of study was to test the factors affecting respondents family planning autonomy. This study used a census method by interviewing 368 eligibles couples using active contraception in Kalibeji. This study was analyzed by elaboration, regressive to understand the efectivenesses of five variables in forming their family planning autonomy. This study found that 70% of respondents agreed and 30% of them did not agree to follow their family planning autonomy. They, who agreed, gave following reasons: 1) Family planning is a family responsibility, 2) They want higher quality services, 3) They require independence of using time and place or types of used contraceptive devises, 4) There is a certainty of protecting side effect of contraceptive. They did not agree follow the autonomous family planning becauses: 1) The autonomous family planning facilities are same as private practioners, the private family planning clinic is beyond Kalibeji; 2) the servers and devises of govermental services are assumed to be same, the differences are only private service time and place (afternoon, evening and server's house); 3) many social caders and pioneers use national family planning so that there are people assuming that during there are still national autonomous family planning (free of cost), they can delay; 4) the providers establish the autonomous family planning rate higher than cost of them having lower income. The autonomous family planning concept according to study was family planning participation based on self initiative and paid for. In relation to the concept, the study found three categories of family planning autonomy, namely: low (22.5%) medium (60.3%), and high (17.2%). The autonomous family planning participants according to this study were lower (20.8%) than PLKB report of June, 1994. The difference was due to difference of autonomous family planning concept between this reseacher and field management. The findings indicated that there were significant differences between the number of successful years, the number of life children and high categories of EIC-MM, EIC-GD and income of respondents. The results of multiple regressive analysis found 37.12% following autonomous family planning in the researched location due to five variables adopted for study predictor. Thus, it can be concluded that 63.0% of family planning autonomy is determined by factors beyond study. such as, age, job, distance, quality, pioneer social leaders. facilities, and so on.

Kata Kunci : Keluarga berencana,Tuntang, Semarang,Jawa Tengah