Sifat dan Stabilitas Fisik Kombinasi HPMC dan Karbopol pada Gel Minyak Bunga Matahari (Helianthus annuus L.) dan Niacinamide

Shafa' Adelia Rahma, Prof. Dr. apt. Abdul Karim Zulkarnain, S.E., M.Si.

2026 | Skripsi | FARMASI

Berbagai faktor dari luar dan dalam tubuh dapat memicu kerusakan skin barrier. Minyak biji bunga matahari dan niacinamide berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai produk perawatan kulit untuk memperkuat skin barrier. Kedua bahan aktif diformulasikan menjadi gel dengan kombinasi gelling agent HPMC dan karbopol untuk menghasilkan sifat dan stabilitas fisik yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan komposisi HPMC dan karbopol yang dapat menghasilkan sifat fisik optimum pada gel minyak biji bunga matahari dan niacinamide serta mengevaluasi stabilitas fisiknya.

Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Simplex Lattice Design pada software Design Expert 13 untuk mengoptimasi komposisi HPMC dan karbopol sebagai gelling agent dalam sediaan gel minyak biji bunga matahari dan niacinamide. Kedelapan formula optimasi dievaluasi sifat fisiknya, meliputi organoleptik, pH, viskositas, dan diameter sebar. Penentuan formula optimum didasarkan pada respons pH, viskositas, dan diameter sebar. Formula optimum dievaluasi stabilitas fisiknya dengan metode cycling test pada suhu 4 ± 2°C dan 40 ± 2°C selama tiga siklus.

Kombinasi HPMC dan karbopol berpengaruh terhadap sifat fisik gel minyak biji bunga matahari dan niacinamide. HPMC memberikan pengaruh lebih besar terhadap peningkatan pH dan diameter sebar, sedangkan karbopol lebih berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan viskositas. Komposisi HPMC 1,24?n karbopol 0,26% menghasilkan sifat fisik optimum, dengan pH 6,44 ± 0,09, viskositas 197,10 ± 2,15 dPa.s, dan diameter sebar 4,03 ± 0,03 cm. Tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara sifat fisik formula optimum prediksi software dan hasil aktual. Formula optimum memiliki pH dan daya lekat yang stabil, tetapi viskositas dan diameter sebarnya tidak stabil selama cycling test.

Various external and internal factors can trigger damage to the skin barrier. Sunflower seed oil and niacinamide have the potential to be developed into skincare product to strengthen the skin barrier. This two active ingredients were formulated into a gel using combination of HPMC and carbopol as gelling agents to achieve good physical properties and stability. This study aims to determine the composition of HPMC and Carbopol that can produce optimum physical properties in sunflower seed oil and niacinamide gel, as well as to evaluate its physical stability.

This study used the Simplex Lattice Design method in Design Expert 13 software to optimize the composition of HPMC and carbopol as gelling agents in sunflower seed oil and niacinamide gel formulations. The physical properties of the eight optimation formula were evaluated, including organoleptic characteristics, pH, viscosity, and spreadability. The determination of the optimum formula was based on the responses of pH, viscosity, and spreadability. The physical stability of the optimum formula was evaluated using a cycling test at temperatures of 4 ± 2°C and 40 ± 2°C over three cycles.

The combination of HPMC and carbopol affects the physical properties of a sunflower seed oil and niacinamide gel. HPMC had a greater effect on increasing pH and spreadability, while carbopol had a greater effect on increasing viscosity. A composition of 1.24% HPMC and 0.26?rbopol obtains optimal physical properties, with a pH of 6.44 ± 0.09, viscosity of 197.10 ± 2.15 dPa.s, and spreadability of 4.03 ± 0.03 cm. There were no significant differences between the physical properties of optimum formula predicted by the software and the actual results. The optimum formula exhibited stable pH and adhesiveness, but its viscosity and spreadability were unstable during the cycling test.

Kata Kunci : gel, HPMC, karbopol, minyak biji bunga matahari, niacinamide