Analisis Sistem Manajemen Operasi PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) dalam Mendukung Pencapaian On-Time Performance

Arif Muhlish, Nofie Iman Vidya Kemal, S.E., M.Sc., Ph.D.

2026 | Tesis | S2 MANAJEMEN (MM) JAKARTA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami sistem manajemen operasi PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) dijalankan dalam mendukung capaian On-Time Performance (OTP) serta mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berperan dalam menjaga stabilitas ketepatan waktu perjalanan kereta api. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dan analisis dokumen operasional. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan model interaktif Miles et al. (2014), sedangkan kerangka analisis menggunakan model aktivitas manajemen operasi Direct, Design, Deliver, dan Develop (4D) dari Slack et al. (2022). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa capaian OTP PT KAI merupakan hasil dari sistem manajemen operasi yang terintegrasi melalui penetapan arah operasi, perencanaan operasi, pengendalian perjalanan, dan pengembangan operasi secara berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa stabilitas OTP didukung oleh beberapa faktor utama yang saling terintegrasi dalam sistem operasi organisasi, yaitu kemampuan organisasi dalam menetapkan arah operasi dan menjaga pengendalian kinerja operasi, kesiapan sistem operasi serta kemampuan mengantisipasi potensi gangguan perjalanan, kemampuan melakukan pengendalian dan penyesuaian operasi secara dinamis selama perjalanan berlangsung, serta pembelajaran organisasi dan perbaikan operasi secara berkelanjutan melalui evaluasi dan pemulihan operasi. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan operasi PT KAI tidak hanya berorientasi pada pencapaian target ketepatan waktu, tetapi juga pada upaya menjaga keselamatan dan keandalan sistem operasi perjalanan kereta api. Temuan tersebut juga menunjukkan adanya kecenderungan karakteristik High Reliability Organization (HRO) dalam praktik operasi PT KAI. Penelitian ini memperluas penggunaan model 4D manajemen operasi sebagai kerangka analitis untuk memahami pengelolaan operasi pada organisasi transportasi dengan tingkat kompleksitas tinggi.

This study aims to understand PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero)'s operations management system is implemented to support the achievement of On-Time Performance (OTP) and to identify factors that contribute to maintaining the stability of train service punctuality. The study employed a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analysis of operational documents. Data analysis was conducted using the interactive model of Miles et al. (2014), while the analytical framework used the Direct, Design, Deliver, and Develop (4D) operations management activity model of Slack et al. (2022). The results of the study indicate that PT KAI's OTP achievement is the result of an integrated operations management system through the determination of operational direction, operational planning, trip control, and continuous operational development. This study also found that OTP stability is supported by several key factors that are integrated within the organization's operational system, namely the organization's ability to determine operational direction and maintain operational performance control, operational system readiness and the ability to anticipate potential travel disruptions, the ability to dynamically control and adjust operations during the trip, as well as organizational learning and continuous operational improvement through operational evaluation and recovery. Research findings indicate that PT KAI's operational management is not solely focused on achieving punctuality targets, but also on maintaining the safety and reliability of the railway's operational system. These findings also indicate a tendency toward High Reliability Organization (HRO) characteristics in PT KAI's operational practices. This research extends the use of the 4D operations management model as an analytical framework for understanding operations management in transportation organizations with high levels of complexity.

Kata Kunci : manajemen operasi, on-time performance, PT KAI, perkeretaapian.